A paper by Abdulaziz Y. Lodhi and David Westerlund; covers the history and development of Islam in the country, from its introduction to the 1990s.

A summary overview of Muslim expansion in Africa.

A brief overview of the empires of Ghana, Mali and Songhay, and significant rulers.

Seeks to raise awareness of Africa's rich Islamic intellectual and literary heritage by encouraging collaboration between scholars. Includes a short history of Islam in Afruca, and information about their partners, publications and events.

Historical overview by Prof. A. Rahman I. Doi.

An account of the rise of the empire which at its height controlled territory from Libya to Lake Chad to Hausaland.

Histories of Mali, Songhay, Kanem-Bornu, and Hausaland, with sections on trade in the Sahel, and on Islam. Also includes a photo gallery and glossary.

A tranlsation of an excerpt from "The Essays" (c 860 CE) on the Zanj (Black Africans of East Africa).

An article by Prof. A. Rahman I. Doi on Islam in W Africa, from 850 CE, including short accounts of the empires of Ghana, Mali, Songhay, and Kanem Bornu.

A paper by Prof. John Hunwick of Northwestern University, tracing 800 years of Arabic/Islamic learning and literature in Nigeria.

A paper by Joseph Kenny, Professor of Religious Studies at the University of Ibadan in Nigeria, presents the history of Islam in Nigeria, from the days of first contact to the 20th century.

An online book by Joseph Kenny; covers the spread of Islam from the Maghreb through West Africa, and the various kingdoms and states.

A history of Islam in Africa; includes articles about Muslim practice and activity on the continent, regional variations, a timeline, bibliography and links.

A brief account of the kingdoms of Ghana, Mali and Songhay