Situated at Arras, the ancient capital of Artois, Department of Pas-de-Calais, France; founded in 667.

A term applied to an office or position devoid of an incumbent, as a vacant benefice, bishopric, or parish.

Located in Hungary; suffragan of Gran; probably founded by King St. Stephen.

Founded in Sweden by St. Bridget in 1346.

A titular see of Numidia, frequently mentioned by historians and ancient geographers.

Jesuit missionary. (1646-1718)

Suppressed by the Concordat of 1801, its territory is now included in the Dioceses of Avignon.

Spanish Humanist and chancellor of Emperor Charles V. (1500-1532)

Comprises the Department of Drome.

Erected 26 July, 1452, by letters patent from the Dauphin Louis, afterwards Louis XI.

Located in Spain; comprises the civil Provinces of Valencia, Alicante, and Castellón.

At the request of Jaime I the Conqueror, Innocent IV in 1246, authorized by a Bull the establishment of estudios generales in Valencia.

Emperor of the East. (328-378)

Reigned briefly in A.D. 827.

At least three different Saint Valentines, all of them martyrs, are mentioned in the early martyrologies under date of 14 February.

Emperor of the West. (321-375)

Emperor of the West. (371-392)

Reigned 425-55, son of Constantius III and Galla Placidia, daughter of Theodosius, succeeded Emperor Honorius.(419-455)

The best known and most influential of the Gnostic heretics, born on the coast of Egypt.

Roman emperor. (253-60)

May be effected by a simple renewal of consent when its nullity arises only from a defective consent in one or both parties.

Humanist and philosopher. (1405-1457)

Bounded on the north by Palencia, east by Burgos and Segovia, south by Avila and Salamanca, and west by Zamora.

Alfonso XI was the patron of Valladolid.

Italian priest. (1702-1771)

Italian traveller in the Orient. (1586-1652)

Professor of geology and mineralogy at the Catholic University of Louvain. (1827-1903)

Situated at the outlet of Lake St. Francis, on the south shore of the St. Lawrence.

Dominican theologian and ascetical writer. (1595-1665)

Founded towards the end of the twelfth century by Viard, a lay brother of the Carthusian priory of Loubigny, in the Diocese of Langres.

Suffragan diocese of Salerno.

Founded by St. John Gualbert, son of the noble Florentine Gualbert Visdomini.

Philologist. (1603-1676)

Titular see, suffragan of Dyrrachium, in Epirus Nova.

French oratorian, first studied medicine, and was later ordained priest. (1814-1876)

Located in Italy, Valva, a medieval castle belonging to the Bishop of Sulmona, Baron of Valva, is situated near the ancient Corfinium, chief town of the Peligni, a Samnite tribe.

First Bishop of Cuzco. (d. 1541)

Composer. (1770-1827)

Professor of zoology and comparative anatomy in the Catholic University at Louvain. (1809-1831)

American surgeon. (1819-1883)

Flemish painter. (1646-1716)

Flemish painter. (1520-1556)

Flemish painter. (1520-1570)

Spanish painter. (1503-1580)

Sixth Bishop of Richmond, Virginia. (1844-1911)

Priest and missionary. (1783-1851)

A Flemish theologian and controversialist. (1482-1557)

Wrote works on philosophy and theology, including a notable controversial reply to the Batavian Calvinist Lawrence in defence of the moral teaching of the Jesuits. (1578-1656)

Painter. (1399-1464)

Archdiocese; includes that part of the mainland of the Province of British Columbia south of 54 ° N. lat. and west of the Straits of Georgia, together with the Queen Charlotte Islands.

French writer. (1853-1910)

A Germanic people belonging to the family of East Germans.

Seventeenth-century convert from Anglicanism.

Comprises the Department of Morbihan, and was re-established by the Concordat of 1802.

Painter and statesman. (1320-1414)

Siennese painter. (1565-1609)

Ascetical writer. (1458-1527)

Spanish diplomat and ecclesiastical writer, died 1566.

Seville painter. (1502-1568)

Painter, architect, and writer. (1511-1574)

Holds flowers for the decoration of the altar.

Theologian. (1549-1604)

Abbot of Bellozane, died 1547.

Details of scientific activity in the Vatican.

The twentieth and up to 1912, the last ecumenical council, opened on 8 December, 1869, and adjourned on 20 October, 1870.

Gregory XIII ordered a tower to be erected in a convenient part of the Vatican buildings, and to be fitted out with the greatest and best instruments of the time.

Detailed history and information.

A quarto volume written in uncial letters of the fourth century.

Philippe de Rigaud, Marquis de Vaudreuil. Governor of Canada, died 1725.

Cardinal, and third Archbishop of Westminster. (1832-1903)

Second Archbishop of Sydney. (1834-1883)

French chemist. (1763-1829)

Martyr in prison. (1519-1585)

Cistercian abbey situated in the Diocese of Versailles, Seine-et-Oise, in what was called the "Isle-de-France".

English physician. (1536-1585)

Humanist and controversialist. (1605-1681)

A Goanese priest, Apostle of Ceylon. (1651-1711)

Artist. (1412-1480)

Sacred books of ancient India.

Spanish theologian. (d. 1560)

German preacher and religious writer, died 1504.

Humanist, poet, and educator. (1406-1458)

In Austria, suffragan of Görz-Gradisca.

This is the name given to a cloth of rectangular shape about 8 ft. long and 1 1/2 ft. wide.

The bride of Christ, as the vestal virgins had done, adopted the veil, which thus symbolized not so much the purity as the inviolable fidelity to Christ which was to be reverenced in her.

Painter. (1793-1877)

Preacher. (1787-1876)

Spanish painter. (1599-1660)

French missionary, born at St-Loup, Diocese of Poitiers; martyred in Tonkin, 2 February, 1861. (1829-1861)

A republic formed out of the provinces which, under Spanish rule, constituted the captaincy general of the same name.

The most famous of hymns, assigned in the Roman Breviary to Vespers (I and II) and Terce of Pentecost and throughout the octave.

Sung at Mass from Whitsunday until the following Saturday inclusively, and comprises ten stanzas.

A prose invocation of the Holy Ghost.

The capital of a province in Northern Italy, is formed of a group of 117 small islands joined together by 378 bridges mostly built of stone.

Diocese in Southern Italy.

Italian diocese.

Italian orator, patriot, philosopher. (1792-1861)

Preacher. (1304-1346)

Italian controversialist. (d. 1543)

Diocese of the Mexican Republic, suffragan of the Archbishopric of Mexico.

Located on the Malabar Coast, India, having the Diocese of Quilon as suffragan.

Jesuit missionary and astronomer. (1623-1688)

The first line of two hymns celebrating respectively the Nativity of Christ and the Institution of the Holy Eucharist.

Archdiocese in the Province of Novara, Piedmont, Italy.

Biblical scholar, born at Biella, Milan; died at Rome, 19 January, 1869.

Spanish poet. (1845-1902)

Italian composer. (1813-1901)

Comprises the Department of the Meuse.

Bishop of Junca, in the African Province of Byzacena, in the middle of the sixth century.

Italian political economist. (1753-1820)

Humanist, statesman, and canonist. (b. 1370)

Commissioned by Henry VII to write the history of England.

Eighth-century Irish missionary.

German canonist. (1833-1896)

One of the New England states.

An isolated mountain hallowed by association with St. Francis of Assisi, situated in the centre of the Tuscan Appenines.

Entered the monastery of St. Maria delle Grazie, and became a canoness regular, taking the name of Battistina. (1497-1587)

Novelist. (1828-1905)

Inventor of the instrument which bears his name. (1580-1637)

Located in the Province of Rome.

French controversialist, born at Paris about 1575; died at Charenton, 1625.

Diocese in Venetia (Northern Italy).

Canonized by Gregory XVI in 1839.

In several regions of Christendom there is honored under this name a pious matron of Jerusalem who, during the Passion of Christ, as one of the holy women who accompanied Him to Calvary.

Third Bishop of Savannah, first of St. Augustine. (1804-1876)

Navigator, died 1527.

French-Canadian priest, educator, and historian. (1828-1901)

Economist.(1728-1797)

Artist. (1435-1488)

Diocese includes the Department of Seine-et-Oise, France.

Details on Greek, Hebrew, English, and others.

The Coptic language is now recognized in four principal dialects, Bohairic (formerly Memphitic), Fayumic, Sahidic (formerly Theban), and Akhmimic.

Publisher and antiquarian, born at London, about 1548.

Third Bishop of Marquette, U.S.A. (1844-1899)

French historian. (1655-1735)

A Cistercian monastery and church dedicated to the Blessed Virgin. It is situated five miles north-west of Borja, Saragossa, Spain.

The reorganizer of the study of anatomy.

Roman Emperor.

Florentine humanist and librarian. (1421-1498)

Details about vespers starting from the sixth century.

The texts (e.g. antiphons, psalms, hymn) sung in Vespers vary according to the feast or the season of the church year.

The traditional name given to the insurrection which broke out at Palermo on Easter Tuesday, 31 March, 1282, against the domination of Charles of Anjou.

Italian navigator. (1451-1512)

The chalice is the cup in which the wine and water of the Eucharistic Sacrifice is contained.

A hall projecting in front of the façade of a church, found from the fifth century both in the East and the West.

According to the rules of the Church or from ecclesiastical usage, are to be worn by the clergy in performing the ceremonies of the services of the Church.

Diocese in Hungary, suffragan of Gran, one of the sees founded about 1009 by King St. Stephen, or perhaps by Queen Gisela, his wife.

Lord Grenville presented a petition for the Catholics in the Lords, and, in moving for a committee, proposed an effective veto for the king on the appointment of bishops.

Preacher and polemical writer. (1547-1622)

Journalist and writer. (1813-1883)

Written by Venantius Fortunatus.

In Sweden, comprised the County of Kronoberg and the hundreds of Ostra, Westra, Östbo, and Westbo in the County of Jönköping.

Member of the Theatine Congregation and biographical writer. (1708-1783)

A series of pictures or tableaux representing certain scenes in the Passion of Christ, each corresponding to a particular incident, or the special form of devotion connected with such representations.

Assistant at the Indian mission of Santa Clara.

Curé of Ars, born at Dardilly, near Lyons, France, on 8 May, 1786; died at Ars, 4 August, 1859.

Among the ancient Greeks the custom prevailed of giving a supper to those setting out on a journey.

Lector of the cathedral at Lyons, France, in the fourth century.

Located in Denmark.

In canon law, the representative of a person clothed with ordinary ecclesiastical jurisdiction.

In the early ages of the Church, the popes committed to some residentiary bishops the duty of watching over ecclesiastical matters in a certain region.

The administrator of a vacant diocese, elected by a cathedral chapter.

A title of the pope implying his supreme and universal primacy, both of honour and of jurisdiction, over the Church of Christ.

The highest official of a diocese after the ordinary.

Archbishop of Freiburg in Baden. (1773-1868)

Recenty erected vicariates Apostolic as of 1913.

Regarded as a habit inclining one to sin.

Apostle of Holstein. (1086-1154)

Portuguese dramatist. (1470-1536)

The city is the capital of a province in Venetia (Northern Italy).

Suffragan of Tarragona.

Astronomer. (1805-1848)

First stanza of the Easter sequence.

Bishop of Tunnunum in Northern Africa. (d. 569)

Reigned 189-198.

Reigned 1055-57.

Reigned 1086-1087.

Cardinal Gregory Conti, elected in opposition to Innocent II.

A sixteenth-century bishop.

An African bishop of the Province of Byzacena.

Diocese in southwestern British Columbia.

Founded in 1878 by the White Fathers of Cardinal Lavigerie.

Vicariate apostolic erected from the mission of Nyanza.

A fourth-century grammarian, rhetorician, philosopher, and theologian.

Bishop and writer. (d. 303)

Italian Humanist.

Missionary, diplomat, orator. (1608-1697)

Died 1625, the first victim of apostolic zeal on the shores of the St. Lawrence.

The capital of Austria-Hungary, the residence of the emperor, and the seat of a Latin archbishopric.

The oldest university of the former Holy Roman Empire, next to the University of Prague.

Convened 1311-1312.

Austrian pedagogue. (1758-1827)

Father of modern algebra.

French-Canadian statesman and writer. (1774-1861)

French-Canadian antiquarian and archaeologist. (1787-1858)

Diocese in Lombardy, Province of Pavia.

Bishop of Tapsus, in the African Province of Byzacena.

Reigned 537-55.

Martyr and Bishop of Trent. (353-405)

A theoretical and practical architect of the Transition Period between the Renaissance and Baroque styles. (1507-1573)

French bishop and controversialist. (1515-1575)

His fame rests mainly on a "Commentary on Ezechiel".

Florentine historian, b. about 1276; d. of the plague in 1348.

Physician and alchemist. (1235-1312)

Publicist. (1829-1904)

Maréchal de Champagne, warrior, and first historian in the French language.

Vicomte de, b. at Saint-Auban, Var, 8 Aug., 1784; d. at Paris, 8 June, 1850.

French economist. (1782-1863)

Situated on the confines of Villers and Tilly, Duchy of Brabant, present Diocese of Namur (Belgium), and first monastery of the order in this territory.

The capital of Lithuania, situated at the junction of the Rivers Vileika and Vilja.

Born at Pouy, Gascony, France.

A congregation of women with simple vows, founded in 1633 and devoted to corporal and spiritual works of mercy.

Motherhouse at Mt. St. Vincent-on Hudson, New York; not to be confused with the Sisters of Charity of St. Vincent de Paul founded earlier.

An international association of Catholic laymen engaging systematically in personal service of the poor.

Dominican missionary. (1350-1419)

Bishop of Cracow, chronicler. (1160-1223)

Priest and encyclopedist. (1190-1264)

Fifth-century ecclesiastical writer.

Deacon of Saragossa and martyr under Diocletian. (d. 304)

Founder and abbot of the monasteries of Hautmont and Soignies. (d. 677)

A congregation of secular priests with religious vows founded by St. Vincent de Paul.

Latinist. (1810-1892)

Florentine painter, sculptor, architect, engineer and scholar. (1452-1519)

Bishop of Cambrai-Arras. (620-700)

An Apostolic Constitution issued by Clement XI against the Jansenists on 16 July, 1705.

The stimulus or moving cause must come from without; no one can do violence to himself.

Founder of the modern school of violinist.

Archbishop of Arles, died c. 610.

The dogma which teaches that the Blessed Mother of Jesus Christ was a virgin before, during, and after the conception and birth of her Divine Son.

Devotion to Our Blessed Lady in its ultimate analysis must be regarded as a practical application of the doctrine of the Communion of Saints.

The Hebrew form of her name is miryam.

The Blessed Virgin Mary is the mother of Jesus Christ, the mother of God.

One of the thirteen original states.

Morally, virginity signifies the reverence for bodily integrity which is suggested by a virtuous motive.

According to its etymology the word virtue (Latin virtus) signifies manliness or courage.

The notion of heroicity is derived from hero, originally a warrior, a demigod; hence it connotes a degree of bravery, fame, and distinction.

Sculptor and metal founder. (1460-1529)

One of the missionaries sent to China by Louis XIV in 1687.

One of the two principal branches of the Goths.

The article deals not with natural but with supernatural visions, that is, visions due to the direct intervention of a power superior to man.

The obligation incumbent on certain members of the hierarchy of visiting, the "thresholds of the Apostles", Sts. Peter and Paul, and of presenting themselves before the pope to give an account of the state of their dioceses.

Located in the District of Columbia, United States of America.

The event is related in Luke 1:39-57.

The nuns of the Visitation of Mary, called also Filles de Sainte-Marie, Visitandines, and Salesian Sisters, were founded in 1610.

The act of an ecclesiastical superior who in the discharge of his office visits persons or places with a view of maintaining faith and discipline, and of correcting abuses by the application of proper remedies.

Officials whom canonists commonly class with papal legates.

The conception is that in the tabernacle Jesus Christ, as it were, holds His court, and is prepared to grant audience to all who draw near to Him.

Reigned 657-72.

Jurist, died 1388.

Fourth-century martyrs.

Founder of the Congregation of Savigny. (1060-1122)

Martyred by order of a judge named Paulinus for having encouraged St. Ursicinus, who was wavering at the prospect of death, and for having given burial to his remains.

Born at Rome 2 Dec., 1563; died there 9 Feb., 1645.

Proclaimed Roman Emperor by the soldiers at Cologne during the civil war of A.D. 69; d. at Rome, 21 Dec., 69.

The city of Viterbo in the Province of Rome stands at the foot of Monte Cimino, in Central Italy.

Diocese; suffragan of Burgos, in Spain.

Humanist educator. (1397-1446)

According to the legend, martyrs under Diocletian; feast, 15 June.

Writer. (1648-1726)

A family of Italian painters. Alvise, Antonio, and Bartolommeo (Bartolommeo da Murano).

Spanish humanist and philosopher. (1492-1540)

Diocese; includes the Department of Ardèche, France.

Defined literally the word vivisection signifies the dissection of living creatures.

Located in the east of India, suffragan to Madras.

Diocese in north central Portugal.

First Russian ruler to embrace Christianity. (956-1015)

The special gift of those who, in the Church of God, follow with a pure intention the ecclesiastical profession of the evangelical counsels.

Theorist, composer, organist. (1749-1814)

Critic, novelist, and historian. (1848-1910)

Pseudonym, Ludwig Clarus.

Organization of German Catholics opposing heresies and revolutionary tendencies in the social world, and for the defence of Christian order in society.

Physicist. (1745-1827)

Diocese in Tuscany.

Italian painter. (1509-1566)

In the modern metaphysical sense is a theory which explains the universe as emanating ultimately from some form of will.

Wilful, proceeding from the will.

Any group of individuals freely united for the pursuit of a common end.

A wise woman.

Born at Weilburg (in Nassau), Germany, 25 March, 1810; died at Vienna, 17 October, 1889.

Netherland poet and convert. (1587-1679)

A Mass offered for a votum, a special intention.

The general name given to those things vowed or dedicated to God, or a saint, and in consequence looked upon as set apart by this act of consecration.

One not entered in the general calendar, but adopted with a view to satisfying a special devotion.

A promise made to God.

"The holy man of Lille", organizer of numerous Catholic activities. (1829-1905)

Fourteenth-century historian.

In the spring of 1907 the public press announced that Pius X had determined to begin preparations for a critical revision of the Latin Bible.