Located in the Spanish province of Huesca. Jaca, the chief town of the mountain district of Sobrarbe.

Knight, born in Grenada, 1849; died in London, 29 August, 1908.

The son of Isaac and Rebecca, third great patriarch of the chosen people, and the immediate ancestor of the twelve tribes of Israel.

Theologian and canonist, born of poor parents near Jüterbogk, Brandenburg, Germany, 1381; died at Erfurt in 1465.

Canonist and bishop, born in 1349 at Teramo in Italy; died in 1417 in Poland.

Dominican, a renowned preacher, provincial, and Archbishop of Genoa. He died in about 1298. Biographical article.

More properly called Jacopo Benedetti. Lawyer, widower, Franciscan poet sympathetic to the Spirituals, died about 1306.

French educator, b. at Dijon, March, 1770; d. at Paris, 30 July, 1840.

Historian of the crusades, cardinal Bishop of Acre, later of Tusculum, b. at Vitry-sur-Seine, near Paris, probably about 1160; d. at Rome, 1240.

French mathematician and physicist, born at Vitry-le-Francois, 7 June, 1711; died at Rome, 3 July, 1788.

Diocese in Southern Spain.

Thirteenth Archbishop of Canterbury; died at Canterbury 11 or 12 August, 791.

A titular see in the Patriarchate of Jerusalem.

Situated in the northern portion of Ceylon, Jaffna comprises the northern and north-central provinces of the island.

A form of religion intermediate between Brahminism and Buddhism, originated in India in pre-Christian times.

The largest of the British West Indian islands, situated in the Caribbean Sea.

Franciscan, missionary, date and place of birth unknown; died in France, 1625; an important figure in the early history of the Church in Canada.

Theologian of the fifteenth century.

A celebrated Syrian writer, b. most likely in A.D. 633; d. 5 June, 708.

A writer of the Syrian Church.

Surnamed Gangala, civil lawyer, Franciscan priest, d. 1476.

Born at Bologna; died in the same city in 1460.

What we can know of St. James, son of Zebedee and brother of John, from Scripture. Also discusses the tradition that St. James preached in Spain and that his body was translated to Compostela.

Identifies James the Less with James the Apostle, son of Alpheus, and with James the brother of the Lord.

Also called James Hudson. Priest who was imprisoned and then martyred at York in 1582.

The author is commonly identified with the Lord's brother, the Bishop of Jerusalem; the view that the Lord's brother must be identified with James, the son of Alpheus, is by far the most probable.

Cistercian, born at Brünn, Moravia, 13 October, 1827; died 23 July, 1898, at Baden, near Vienna.

General of the Dominican order, born at Gerbevilliers (Lorraine), 18 July, 1810; died at Rome, 11 December, 1872.

Biography of the widowed baroness, mother, founder of the Congregation of the Visitation, who died in 1641.

Theologian, born at Hirschau, in the Upper Palatinate (Bavaria), 4 Feb., 1836; died 1 November, 1895.

A medieval ecclesiastical author, born in the fourteenth century in Bohemia; died at Prague, 30 Nov., 1394.

Exegete, born at Hulst, Flanders, 1510; died at Ghent, 11 April, 1576.

The subject of this article lived three-quarters of a century later than his namesake. He was born 28 October, 1585, of a Catholic family, in the village of Accoi, near Leerdam, Holland; died at Ypres, 6 May, 1638.

Founder of the Society of the Divine Word.

Historian, born 10 April, 1829, at Kanten, Germany; died 24 December, 1891, at Frankfort-on-the-Main.

Flemish painter, b. at Antwerp about 1573; d. probably in the same place about 1631.

Catholic theologian, b. at Maeseyck, Belgium, 7 Dec., 1783; d. at Engis, 23 May, 1853.

Bishop of Beneventum, martyr, believed to have died in the Diocletian persecution, c. 305. Article has a lengthy discussion of the liquefaction of the saint's blood.

Called in the language of the country Nihon or Nippon (Land of the Rising Sun), and Dai Nihon or Dai Nippon (Great Japan), situated north-west of the Pacific Ocean and east of the Asiatic continent.

Born 10 November, 1801, at Danzig, Prussia; died 27 December, 1852, at Vienna. He belonged to a Protestant merchant family. He took up the study of jurisprudence, and became at an early age professor of criminal law at Bonn and later in Berlin.

Foundress of the Society of the Propagation of the Faith and the Association of the Living Rosary, born at Lyons, 22 July, 1799; died there, 9 January, 1862.

Studied under St. Benen, founded a college at Cloonfush, was noted for his fasting, d. about 540. Feast day: 6 June.

Diocese in the Philippine Islands, formerly a part of the Diocese of Cebú, was made a separate diocese on 27 May, 1865.

Missionary writer, born at Toulouse in 1566; d. at Saintes, 2 March, 1617.

A Greek name adopted by many Jews whose Hebrew designation was Joshua (Jesus). In the Old Testament, it is applied to three or four persons connected with the period of the Machabees.

A titular see of Caria, and suffragan of Aphrodisias.

Diocese in Rumania.

A Spanish painter and poet, born at Seville c. 1570, or, according to some, as late as 1583; died at Madrid c. 1640-1.

Founder of the Sisters of St. Joseph of Cluny, missionary to Africa and South America, d. 1851.

Taken to be synonymous with envy.

Born at Paris in 1645; died at Chantilly in 1696. He was the son of a comptroller general of municipal revenue.

French missionary and founder of the Eudists and of the Congregation of Our Lady of Charity; author of the liturgical worship of the Sacred Hearts of Jesus and Mary; b. at Ri, France, 14 Nov., 1601; d. at Caen, 19 Aug., 1680.

Curé of Ars, born at Dardilly, near Lyons, France, on 8 May, 1786; died at Ars, 4 August, 1859.

Vincentian priest, missionary to China, where he was tortured and martyred in 1840.

Biography of St. Jeanne, also known as Jéhanne de France or Jane of Valois, queen, founder of the Annonciades. She died in 1505.

French engraver, b. at Vermenton, near Auxerre, 1688; d. at Paris, 1738.

Augustinian abbey, in the town of the same name, established as a priory by David I, King of Scots, in 1118, and colonized by Canons Regular of St. Augustine from the Abbey of St-Quentin, at Beauvais, France.

Fourth King of Juda after the schism of the Ten Tribes.

Mentioned in only one passage of the Bible (Joel, iii-Heb. text, iv).

Proper name of God in the Old Testament.

The derivation of the name is uncertain. By some it is translated "Yahweh is he". Several by this name are noted in the article.

An Indian pueblo situated upon the north bank of the river of the same name about twenty miles north-west of Bernalillo, New Mexico.

Born at Eichstätt, Bavaria, 5 January, 1642;d, at Ellwangen, 8 February, 1704. Entering the Society of Jesus, 19 January, 1663, he became a most successful popular missionary at the shrine of Our Lady of Schönenberg, near Ellwangen in Swabia.

Theologian, born in Shropshire, c. 1656; died in December, 1714.

An Australian statesman, b. at Newry, Ireland, 1831; d. July, 1897.

One of the judges of Israel. The story of Jephte is narrated in chapters xi and xii of the Book of Judges.

Name of several Old Testament figures.

Lived at the close of the seventh and in the first part of the sixth century before Christ; a contemporary of Draco and Solon of Athens.

Three cities of this name have successively occupied sites in the same neighbourhood.

Name of two Israelitish kings.

Founder of the Order of Somascha; b. at Venice, 1481; d. at Somascha, 8 Feb., 1537; feast, 20 July.

Lengthy article on the life and works of St. Jerome.

History in several periods to the first crusade.

The Latin dominion over Jerusalem really came to an end on 2 October, 1187, when the city opened its gates to Saladin (Yusuf ibn Ayyub, Salah-ed-din, Emir of Egypt, 1169-93); although fragments of the Latin kingdom in Palestine lasted into another century.

This article deals with the destruction by the Romans after it had become the scene of the Redemption.

The code of laws enacted by the Crusaders for the government of the Kingdom of Jerusalem.

Founded as a result of the First Crusade, in 1099. Destroyed a first time by Saladin in 1187, it was re-established around Saint-Jean d'Acre and maintained until the capture of that city in 1291.

The Rite of Jerusalem is that of Antioch.

Diocese in the Province of Ancona, Italy, immediately subject to the Holy See.

A poem ranging from forty two to fifty three stanzas (in various manuscripts), to form the three hymns of the Office of the Holy Name.

The accusations brought against the Society have been exceptional for their frequency and fierceness.

Details of several who held the position.

On account of its alkaloids, is the most celebrated specific remedy for all forms of malaria.

A list without details of the Jesuits. Does include links to articles when there is one about the person.

The execution of the Brief of Suppression having been largely left to local bishops, there was room for a good deal of variety in the treatment the Jesuits might receive in different places.

Pius VII had resolved to restore the Society during his captivity in France; and after his return to Rome he did so with little delay.

Includes details of activities in various countries.

The most difficult part of the history of the Society.

A religious order founded by Saint Ignatius Loyola.

Several groups detailed.

An index of articles on the subject.

The surpassing eminence of the character of Jesus has been acknowledged by men of the most varied type.

Includes absolute and relative chronologies.

Special form of devotion to Jesus. Discussion of what it is and what distinguishes it, its object, its foundations, and its proper act.

Divided into three classes: pagan sources, Jewish sources, and Christian sources.

Offers the genealogy according to Saint Matthew and Saint Luke.

Reverence for the name of Jesus is not optional for believers. Article highlights the Scriptural reasons, and describes some customary ways of showing reverence.

"Knowledge of Jesus Christ," as used in this article, does not mean a summary of what we know about Jesus Christ, but a survey of the intellectual endowment of Christ.

Article examines the name Jesus and Christ separately.

Resurrection is the rising again from the dead, the resumption of life.

Founded at Lyons, France, in October, 1818, by Claudine Thevenet, in religion, Mother St. Ignatius.

Founded at Kermaria, in the Diocese of Vannes, France, in 1834, for the care of the sick poor, and the education of girls.

Details include days, weeks, months, years, and eras.

The earlier Hebrew term rendered in English versions by the word "tribe" is shebet, while the term matteh, prevails in the post-exilic writings.

Judaism designates the religious communion which survived the destruction of the Jewish nation by the Assyrians and the Babylonians.

Of the two terms, Jews and Judaism, the former denotes usually the Israelites or descendants of Jacob (Israel) in contrast to Gentile races; the latter, the creed and worship of the Jews in contrast to Christianity and others.

Wife of Achab, King of Israel.

An important tribal group of Ecuador, comprising a great number of small subtribes speaking a common language with dialectic variants, and together constituting a distinct linguistic stock.

Cistercian abbot and mystic; b. at Celico, near Cosenza, Italy, c. 1132; d. at San Giovanni in Fiore, in Calabria, 30 March, 1202.

According to apocryphal literature, the father of Mary.

Her brief life, her trial and death, swift rehabilitation, and her beatification in 1909.

The fable about a female pope, who afterwards bore the name of Johanna (Joan), is first noticed in the middle of the thirteenth century.

Princess, Dominican, d. 1490.

John Holywood, a monk of English origin, lived in the first half of the thirteenth century as professor of astronomy at Paris; died in that city, 1256.

One of the books of the Old Testament, and the chief personage in it.

Cistercian monk and Bishop of Glasgow; d. at Melrose Abbey in 1199.

An English chronicler, of the late twelfth century.

Bishop of Bath and Wells, d. 19 Nov., 1242.

Old Testament prophet.

Dutch painter, b. at Calcker, or Calcar, about 1460; d. at Haarlem in 1519.

French Jesuit missionary to Canada, martyred in 1646.

(Catholic Encyclopedia)

Celebrated martyrs of the Coptic Church.

Fourth-century martyrs.

Founder of the Christian Brothers.

Priest, canon, preacher, d. 1764.

English Benedictine abbot and martyr; date of birth unknown; d. at Colchester, England, l December, 1539.

Biography of this Jesuit who died in 1621 at the age of 22.

St. Giovanni Melchior Bosco, commonly called Don Bosco or John Bosco. Founder of the Salesians, d. 1888.

Or John Boast. Priest, martyred at Durham in 1594. One of the Forty Martyrs of England and Wales.

A layman and martyr.

Alias John Jones. Welsh Franciscan priest, martyred at Tyburn in 1598.

Polish priest, professor of Sacred Scripture, d. 1473.

Lawyer, governor, ambassador, became a Franciscan priest and a renowned preacher, died in 1456.

(Catholic Encyclopedia)

Preacher and Doctor of the Church. (347-407)

Sometimes called Scholasticus or the Sinaita. Sixth-century Syrian abbot of Mt. Sinai. He is called "Climacus" because he wrote the spiritual classic "The Ladder of Divine Ascent," "Klimax" being the Greek for "ladder."

Sienese husband and father whose life was transformed by reading the life of St. Mary of Egypt. Founder of the Jesuati. He died in 1367.

Born of Irish parents in Cornwall, studied for the priesthood at Reims. For 10 years he worked as a missionary in England till he was martyred in 1594 for being a Catholic priest, and three companions were also martyred for aiding him.

Lengthy biographical article on the last of the Greek Fathers.

Portuguese Jesuit missionary to India, martyr, d. 1693.

(Catholic Encyclopedia)

Martyr, date and place of birth unknown, was executed in St. Paul's Churchyard, London, 8 August, 1570, for having, about eleven o'clock at night on the previous 24 May, affixed a copy of the Bull of St. Pius V excommunicating the queen to the gates of the Bishop of London's palace near St. Paul's.

(Catholic Encyclopedia)

Cardinal, Bishop of Rochester, martyr, d. 1535.

English Franciscan, served as confessor to Queen Catherine, was burned at the stake at Smithfield in 1538.

Jesuit priest and missionary, d. 1640.

English martyr (suffered 1587), born and educated in Cornwall, and converted by reading one of Father Persons' books in 1582.

A Tuscan warmly received in Constantinople, but upon his return to Rome, was imprisoned by King Theodoric. He died in prison in 526.

A Roman and the son of Projectus; if not born in the second region (Coelimontium) he had at least been a priest of St. Clement's Basilica.

A Roman surnamed Catelinus, d. 13 July, 574.

English priest, tortured and twice imprisoned, martyred in 1594.

A native of Dalmatia, and the son of the scholasticus (advocate) Venantius.

Reigned 898-900.

Italian Franciscan priest, had the gift of miracles, d. 1739.

Parish priest and friend of St. Thomas More. Martyred at Tyburn in 1543/4, along with another priest (Bl. John Ireland) and the layman Bl. German Gardiner.

(Catholic Encyclopedia)

A Monophysite Byzantine chronicler of the sixth century.

Jesuit priest, martyred at Tyburn in 1577/8.

Biography of the vicar general of the Archdiocese of Prague, who was tortured and then thrown into the Moldau and drowned, by order of King Wenceslaus IV, in 1393.

There are four persons commonly known by this name.

Priest, preacher, author, d. 1569.

Benedictine bishop of Hexham and later of York, monastic founder, d. 721.

Chronicler, born in Portugal, probably about the middle of the sixth century; died after 621.

Lived about 1176. Author of a treatise written against the doctrine of Abelard.

Syriac historian, born at Amida (Diarbekir, on the upper Tigris), about 505; d. about 585.

Author, b. at Falkenberg, Pomerania, Prussia, date unknown; d. about 1418 in Italy.

Ascetic writer, b. near Ravenna about the beginning of the eleventh century; d. at Fécamp, Normandy, 22 February, 1079.

The immemorial cultus of Blessed John was approved by Leo XIII in 1880, and his feast is kept in the Order of Friars Minor on 9 August.

Grammarian; born at Genoa, date unknown; died there about 1298.

Portuguese shepherd, soldier, bookseller, finally found his niche caring for the health of the poor in Granada, became de facto founder of a religious order, d. 1550.

Moralist and satirical poet of the twelfth century (flourished about 1184).

An Averroistic philosopher, theologian, and political writer of the fourteenth century.

A Franciscan and founder of the Catholic mission in China, b. at Montecorvino in Southern Italy, in 1246; d. at Peking, in 1328.

Theologian and controversialist, born at Monzón, Spain; dates of birth and death unknown.

An Egyptian chronicler who flourished in the latter part of the seventh century.

Theologian and controversialist; born at Paris, date unknown; died at Bordeaux, 22 September, 1306.

Franciscan, professor of theology, Minister General, peacemaker, d. 1289.

Dominican theologian. (1380-1443)

Franciscan alchemist, date of birth unknown; d. probably at Avignon, 1362.

Franciscan theologian, b. at La Rochelle (Rupella), towards the end of the twelfth century.

Spanish canon, became an Augustinian hermit, d. 1479.

Theologian, born at Lisbon, 9 June, 1589; died at Fraga, Spain, 17 June, 1644.

Born about 1115; died 1180; a distinguished philosopher, historian, churchman, and scholar.

A Spanish theologian, b. at Segovia towards the end of the fourteenth century; d. probably in 1458.

Article on the life and teaching of this Discalced Carmelite associated with St. Teresa of Avila. Mystic, Doctor of the Church, d. 1591.

Chronicler, b. probably between 1270 and 1280; d. at Victring, Austria, 12 November, 1347.

Historian, born about 1300 atWinterthur (Switzerland); died subsequently to 1348, probably at Zurich.

A French theologian and professor in the University of Paris; b. most likely at Brachy, Caux, in Normandy, and certainly in the Diocese of Rouen, about 1360; d. 15 July, 1411.

English priest, tortured and martyred on completely fabricated charges of conspiracy to murder the queen. Executed in 1582.

(Catholic Encyclopedia)

Rigby, an unmarried layman, appeared in court on behalf of his employer's daughter and admitted that he was himself a Catholic. He was martyred in 1600.

A Welsh Benedictine, the first prior of Downside, was arrested six times, exiled four times, and finally martyred at Tyburn in 1610.

Brief biography of this English Carthusian priest and martyr, d. 1537.

(Catholic Encyclopedia)

Priest, tortured for refusing to break the seal of confession, and died in prison in 1620.

Patriarch of Constantinople, the author of an important collection of ecclesiastical laws; b. at Sirimis near Antioch; d. 577.

Very brief biographical profile of the English priest, martyred in 1581.

(Catholic Encyclopedia)

(Catholic Encyclopedia)

English Augustinian friar, martyred probably in 1539.

Or Storey. Member of Parliament, was arrested but escaped and became a Spanish subject. Kidnapped in Flanders, he was carried to the Tower, where he was tortured repeatedly. Died a martyr in 1571.

Orthodox Patriarch of Alexandria (481-482) at the time of the Monophysite troubles.

Patriarch of Alexandria. (550-616)

Lengthy article on the Precursor.

Article about four historians of the Middle Ages who bear this name.

Brother of James and son of Zebedee.

Patriarch of Constantinople (John IV, 582-595), famous chiefly through his assumption of the title "?cumenical patriarch"; d. 2 September, 595.

John Hesychastes, monk, runaway bishop of Colonia, hermit, d. 558.

English saint. (1319-1379)

A Syrian whose father was one Cyriacus; when he was born is not known; d. 2 August, 686.

A Greek, the date of whose birth is unknown; d. 11 January, 705.

Reigned 705-707.

Reigned 872-82.

(Catholic Encyclopedia)

Born at Tossignano, Romagna; enthroned, 914; died at Rome, 928.

Reigned 931-935.

Date of birth unknown; reigned 955-64.

Date of birth unknown; enthroned on 1 Oct., 965; d. 6 Sept., 972.

After the death of Benedict VII, Bishop Peter Campanora of Pavia, earlier imperial chancellor of Italy, was elected pope with the consent of Emperor Otto II, and took the name of John.

Enthroned in 1024; d. 1032.

Enthroned 985; d. April, 996.

Antipope 997-998; d. probably in 1013.

Date of birth unknown; d. 6 Nov., 1003.

Successor of John XVII, consecrated Christmas, 1003; d. June, 1009.

Born at Lisbon between 1210 and 1220; enthroned, 1276; died at Viterbo, 20 May, 1277.

Born at Cahors in 1249; enthroned, 5 September, 1316; died at Avignon, 4 December, 1334.

Antipope. (1370-1419)

Three canonical books of the New Testament written by the Apostle St. John.

According to the traditional order, the Gospel of St. John occupies the last place among the four canonical Gospels.

Born in Shropshire, entered the German College, Rome, 1 October, 1571. Brief biography.

The last of nine London Carthusians to die of starvation in prison in 1537.

Born at Broadstairs on the Kentish coast, 15 Mar., 1867; died 4 Oct., 1902.

Educator, author, b. 8 March, 1822, at Powellton, Georgia, U.S.A.; d. at Baltimore, Maryland, 23 September, 1898.

Seneschal of Champagne, historian, b in 1225; d. at Joinville, 1317.

A discoverer and the son of a wagon-maker, was born at Quebec, Canada, on 21 September 1645; d. in Canada, May 1700.

Diocese created by Pius X, 27 January, 1904 by division of the Archdiocese of Montreal; comprises three counties, Joliette, Berthier, and Montcalm, with four parishes of L'Assomption County.

German physicist, born at Mannheim, 26 September, 1809; died at Munich, 24 December, 1884.

The fifth of the Minor Prophets.

Monk and hagiographer, b. about the close of the sixth century at Sigusia (Susa) in Piedmont; d. after 659.

Bishop and ecclesiastical writer, born in Aquitaine; died in 843 or 844.

Name of several persons mentioned in the Old Testament.

Priest and martyr, b. in the Diocese of St. Asaph, Wales, date unknown; d. in London, 6 May 1590.

A biography with references of the London-born architect who drew his inspiration from the Classical forms of Italy.

Formed at a point about five and a half miles below Banias, by the junction of three streams, the Jordan enters Lake Hûleh about nine and a third miles lower down.

Historian, lived about the middle of the sixth century in the Eastern Roman Empire.

Italian Minorite, b. at Giano in the Valley of Spoleto, c. 1195; d. after 1262.

Historian and politician, b. 23 Dec., 1819 at Immenstadt (Ahgau); d. at Landshut, 18 Nov., 1901.

The main characters of a seventh-century Christian legend. Barlaam, a hermit, converted the prince Josaphat to Christianity, despite the efforts of Josaphat's father Abenner to prevent such a thing. Although Barlaam and Josaphat are included in the Roman Martyrology and in the Greek calendar, the story is actually a Christianized version of a legend about Buddha.

Lithuanian martyr. (1580-1623)

The eleventh son of Jacob, the firstborn of Rachel, and the immediate ancestor of the tribes of Manasses and Ephraim.

Founded at Vienna, 24 November, 1889, by Father Anton Maria Schwartz for all works of charity, but especially the apostolate among workingmen.

Priest, founder of the Piarists, d. 1648.

German Emperor (reigned 1765-90), of the House of Hapsburg-Lorraine, son and successor of Maria Theresa and Francis I.

All that is known for certain concerning him is derived from the canonical Gospels.

Mystic from a very young age, priest, d. 1663.

A twelfth-century Lain poet; b. at Exeter, England.

A man of the tribe of Issachar, and the father of Igal who was one of the spies sent by Moses to traverse Chanaan and report on the country (Numbers 13:8).

Capuchin missionary, confessor, d. 1612.

(Catholic Encyclopedia)

This organization began its labours in 1871, when four young priests from Mill Hill were put in charge of St. Francis Xavier's church, with a large congregation of black Catholics, in Baltimore. Other black missions were soon begun at Louisville, Charleston, Washington, Richmond, Norfolk, and other places in the South.

A society of priests and laymen whose object is to labour for the conversion of heathens in foreign countries.

Information on the entire life of St. Joseph.

Founded at Le Puy, in Velay, France, by the Rev. Jean-Paul Médaille of the Society of Jesus.

A congregation devoted to the Christian education of youth, founded in the Diocese of Ghent (Belgium) by Canon van Crombrugghe, in 1817.

Jewish historian, born A.D. 37, at Jerusalem; died about 101.

The name of eight persons in the Old Testament, and of one of the Sacred Books.

A pious King of Juda (639-608 B.C.), who ascended the throne when he was only eight years of age. He was the son of Amon and the grandson of Manasses.

French philosopher; b. at Martignac (Dordogne), 7 May, 1754, d. at Villeneuve-le-Roi (Yonne), 4 May 1824.

Mechanician, b. at Abbans, near Besançon, 30 Sept., 1751; d. at Paris, 18 July, 1832.

French prelate and statesman; b. at Luxeuil (Franche-Comté) about 1412; d. at the priory of Rulli, in the Diocese of Bourges, 24 November, 1473.

Linguist, philosopher, author, b. at Berlin, 14 June, 1818, d. at New York, 10 June, 1899.

Poet, pedagogue, philologist, and historian, b. at Paris, 14 September, 1643; d. at Rome, 29 May, 1719.

French painter, b. at Rouen in 1644, d. at Paris, 5 April, 1717.

Spanish statesman and man of letters, at Gijon, Asturias, 5 Jan., 1744, d. at Puerto de Vega on the borders of Asturias, 27 Nov., 1811.

Roman Emperor, 363-4.

An opponent of Christian asceticism in the fourth century, condemned as a heretic (390).

Historian, b. at Como, Italy, 9 April, 1483, d. at Florence, 11 Dec., 1552.

Born in 1563 and not, as is mistakenly stated in the "Biographic Michaud", in 1567; died at Rivoli, 28 Sept., 1608. He was the third son of Maréchal Guillaume de Joyeuse, and was a brother of the Admiral Anne de Joyeuse and of the prelate François de Joyeuse.

An eminent Spanish sculptor and architect; b. at Madrid (date not known); d. there 19 May, 1567.

The third Sunday after Easter.

Background information relating to the Jubilee.

According to the Pentateuchal legislation contained in Leviticus, a Jubilee year is the year that follows immediately seven successive Sabbatic years (the Sabbatic year being the seventh year of a seven-year cycle).

An apocryphal writing, so called from the fact that the narratives and stories contained in it are arranged throughout in a fanciful chronological system of jubilee-periods of forty-nine years each; each event is recorded as having taken place in such a week of such a month of such a Jubilee year.

The name of one of the Patriarchs, the name of the tribe reputed to be descended from him, the name of the territory occupied by the same, and also the name of several persons mentioned in the Old Testament.

A party of Jewish Christians in the Early Church, who either held that circumcision and the observance of the Mosaic Law were necessary for salvation and in consequence wished to impose them on the Gentile converts, or who at least considered them as still obligatory on the Jewish Christians.

The Apostle who betrayed Jesus.

Third son of the priest Mathathias who with his family was the centre and soul of the patriotic and religious revolt of the Jews against the King of Syria (I Mach., ii, 4).

French preacher and spiritual father; born at Rouen, about 20 December, 1661; died at Paris, 11 March, 1735.

One of the so-called antilegomena; but, although its canonicity has been questioned in several Churches, its genuineness has never been denied.

It designates the part of Palestine adjacent to Jerusalem and inhabited by the Jewish community after their return from captivity.

An ecclesiastical person who possesses ecclesiastical jurisdiction either in general or in the strict sense.

The seventh book of the Old Testament, second of the Early Prophets of the Hebrew canon.

Divine judgment (judicium divinum), as an immanent act of God, denotes the action of God's retributive justice by which the destiny of rational creatures is decided according to their merits and demerits.

To it the prophets of the Old Testament refer when they speak of the "Day of the Lord" (Joel 2:31; Ezekiel 13:5; Isaiah 2:12), in which the nations will be summoned to judgment. In the New Testament the second Parusia, or coming of Christ as Judge of the world, is an oft-repeated doctrine.

The Catholic doctrine of the particular judgment is this: that immediately after death the eternal destiny of each separated soul is decided by the just judgment of God.

Name given to the fifth Sunday of Lent, and derived from the first words of the Introit of that day.

The book exists in distinct Greek and Latin versions, of which the former contains at least eighty-four verses more than the later.

Biographical article on the founder of the Sisters of Notre Dame de Namur.

Husband and wife, of whom little is known except that he was martyred in the Diocletian persecution. According to later legend, Basilissa was the founder of a monastery.

Born about 386; died in Sicily, 454; the most learned among the leaders of the Pelagian movement and Bishop of Eclanum near Beneventum.

A famous composer, poet, and historian of the thirteenth century, b. at Speyer, d. at Paris about 1250.

Roman emperor 361-63, b. at Constantinople in 331, d. 26 June, 363, son of Julius Constantius, the half-brother of Constantine the Great.

Florentine Servite. (1270-1341)

Belgian nun. (1193-1258)

Biographical article on this fourteenth-century English anchoress, mystic, author.

Martyred in the Diocletian persecution. The oldest notice says that she died near Naples; the notion that she lived in Nicomedia is strictly legendary.

Titular see in the province of Bithynia Secunda, suffragan of Nicaea.

Martyrs in the Diocletian persecution. According to later legends, Julitta fled from persecution in Lycaonia, but was martyred in Tarsus, along with her three-month-old child Quiricus.

The father of Christian chronography.

A Roman, anti-Arian, supporter of St. Athanasius. Julius died in 352.

Born on 5 December, 1443, at Albissola near Savona; crowned on 28 November, 1503; died at Rome, in the night of 20-21 February, 1513.

Born at Rome, 10 September, 1487; died there, 23 March, 1555.

Founded in 634 by St. Philibert, who had been the companion of Sts. Ouen and Wandrille at the Merovingian court.

A dogmatic theologian and ecclesiastical historian, born at Münster in Westphalia, 1 March, 1833; died at Louvain, 12 Jan., 1895.

In 1850 he entered the German College at Rome, and was ordained priest in 1855. He afterwards joined the Society of Jesus.

Franciscan missionary. (1713-1784)

The right to guide and rule the Church of God.

A claim, exercised in the Middle Ages, of succession to the property of deceased clerics, at least such as they had derived from their ecclesiastical benefices.

Name of five French botanists.

The name conventionally applied to a family of Italian sculptors, whose real name was Betti, originally from San Martino a Mensola, near Florence.

In its ordinary and proper sense, signifiies the most important of the cardinal virtues.

A biblio-ecclesiastical term; which denotes the transforming of the sinner from the state of unrighteousness to the state of holiness and sonship of God.

Italian, a Lazarist priest, titular bishop of Nilopolis, d. 1860.

Christian apologist. (A.D. 100-165)

Martyrs of Antioch. (d. 304)

Roman Emperor (527-65).

Theological and Biblical writer. (1550-1622)

A titular see of Armenia Prima, suffragan of Sebaste.

Fourth Archbishop of Canterbury. (d. 627)

Fourth-century Christian Latin poet.

Tribunals for the trial of children charged with crimes or offences.