One of the suffragan sees of the Archdiocese of Utrecht in the Netherlands.

Old Testament prophet.

Music historian. (1840-1910)

Poet and historian; born at Hindlip, Worcestershire, 1605; died 1654; son of Thomas Habington the antiquarian.

Habit is an effect of repeated acts and an aptitude to reproduce them, and may be defined as "a quality difficult to change, whereby an agent whose nature it is to work one way or another indeterminately, is disposed easily and readily at will to follow this or that particular line of action".

A river of Mesopotamia in Asiatic Turkey, an important eastern affluent of the Euphrates.

The name given by the people to the potter's field, purchased with the price of the treason of Judas.

Prioress of the Premonstratensian convent of Mehre, d. around 1200. Also known as Hedwig or Hadewig.

Martyr, died about the year 306.

Emperor of the Romans; born 24 January, A. D. 76 at Rome; died 10 July, 138.

A titular see of Byzacena.

Benedictine writer, provost of the Monastery of Afflighem, Belgium; born at Utrecht, 1588; died 31 July, 1648.

Town clerk of Cologne, and author of the Cologne "Reimchronik" (rhymed chronicle); died 1299.

Aggeus, the tenth among the minor prophets of the Old Testament.

One of David's wives (II Kings, iii,4).

The name given to that branch of learning which has the saints and their worship for its object.

Capital and seat of Government of the Kingdom of the Netherlands as well as of the (civil) Province of South Holland.

Countess, convert and authoress, born 22 June, 1805; died 12 January, 1880.

Catechist, born in the Diocese of Ratisbon, 16 February, 1784; died 7 January, 1873.

The opening words (used as a title) of the most celebrated of the four Breviary anthems of the Blessed Virgin Mary.

The Hail Mary (sometimes called the "Angelical salutation", sometimes, from the first words in its Latin form, the "Ave Maria") is the most familiar of all the prayers used by the Universal Church in honour of our Blessed Lady.

German missionary; b. at Munich, of a noble Bavarian family, 28 May, 1692; d. in Chile, 7 April, 1767.

The paintings in the catacombs permit the belief that the early Christians simply followed the fashion of their time. The short hair of the men and the waved tresses of the women were, towards the end of the second century, curled, frizzed with irons, and arranged in tiers, while for women the hair twined about the head forming a high diadem over the brow.

A garment of rough cloth made from goats' hair and worn in the form of a shirt or as a girdle around the loins, by way of mortification and penance.

An island of the Greater Antilles.

Bishop of Basle; b. in 763, of a noble family of Swabia; d. 17 March, 836, in the Abbey of Reichenau, on an island in the Lake of Constance.

Comprises the six northern provinces of the island of Nippon, the island of Yezo, and the Kurile Islands, as well as the administration of the southern part of the island of Saghalin, which still belongs to the Diocese of Mohilev.

King of Norway, 935 (936) to 960 (961), youngest child of King Harold Fair Hair and Thora Mosterstang.

A titular see of Caria, suffragan of Stauropolis.

This see takes its name from the city of Halifax which has been the seat of government in Nova Scotia since its foundation by Lord Cornwallis in 1749.

Foundress of the Dominican Congregation of St. Catherine of Siena (third order); b. in London, 23 January, 1803; d. 10 May, 1868.

A professor of constitutional law, b. 1 August, 1768, at Berne, d. 21 May, 1854, at Solothurn, Switzerland.

Jesuit missionary in China, born in Germany, died in China, probably about 1777.

Instituted to honour all the saints, known and unknown, and, according to Urban IV, to supply any deficiencies in the faithful's celebration of saints' feasts during the year. The vigil of this feast is popularly called "Hallowe'en" or "Halloween".

Belgian geologist, b. at Liège, Belgium, 16 February, 1783; d. at Brussels, 15 January, 1875.

French mathematician; born at Sedan, 31 December, 1755; died at Paris, 4 June, 1828.

Son of Noe and progenitor of one of the three great races of men whose ethnographical table is given by Genesis 10.

Located in Norway.

A titular see of Syria Secunda, suffragan of Apamea.

English martyr (suffered 1587), born and educated in Cornwall, and converted by reading one of Father Persons' books in 1582.

A city supposed to be identical with the Marionis of Ptolemy, was founded by a colony of fishermen from Lower Saxony.

Archbishop of St. Andrews; b. 1511; d. at Stirling, 1571; a natural son of James, first Earl of Arran.

Located in Ontario, Canada; a suffragan of Toronto.

A distinguished Austrian Orientalist; b. at Graz, 9 June, 1774; d. at Vienna, 23 November, 1856.

The sixth king of the first Babylonian dynasty.

Founder of the sect of Adrianists; born at Dordrecht, 1524; died at Bruges, 1581.

German prelate and Orientalist of the nineteenth century, b. At Tanne near Kempten, Bavaria, 16 June, 1816.

The former Kingdom of Hanover has been a province of the Prussian monarchy since 20 September, 1866.

Martyr; b. in Northamptonshire; executed 31 July, 1581.

Historian, b. at Volkermarkt, Carinthia, Austria, 25 April, 1683; d. at Vienna, 5 September, 1766.

A Cistercian, historical investigator and writer. (1690-1754)

Jesuit missionary in the East Indies: b at Ostercappeln, near Osnabruck, in Hanover, 1681; d. in Malabar, 20 March, 1732.

The primary meaning of this term in all the leading European languages seems to involve the notion of good fortune, good chance, good happening.

Diocese in Newfoundland, erected in 1856.

Soldier, convert, b. at Savannah, Georgia, U.S.A., 1817, d. at Wytheville, Virginia, 6 Nov., 1873.

Of the Society of the Sacred Heart, who established all the convents of her order, up to the year 1883, in the eastern part of the United States, Canada, and Cuba; b. at Piscataway, Maryland, 1809; d. at Paris, France, 17 June. 1886.

Confessor, the third Abbot of Cîteaux, was born at Sherborne in Dorsetshire, England, about the middle of the eleventh century; died 28 March, 1134.

Controversialist; b. at Combe Martin, Devon, 1516 d. at Louvain, Sept., 1572.

Known in religion as Sister Mary; b. 26 April, 1813; d. 24 March, 1884.

Jesuit, and historian; b. at Quimper, Brittany, 23 Dec., 1646, son of a bookseller of that town; d. at Paris, 3 Sept., 1729.

An English chronicler; b. 1378; d. about 1460.

A Déné tribe which shares with the Loucheux the distinction of being the northernmost in America, their habitat being immediately south of that of the Eskimos.

American novelist. (1861-1905)

An important family of parliamentarians and bishops, who deserve a place in religious history.

A Belgian Orientalist, domestic prelate, canon of the cathedral of Liège, member of the Academic Royale of Belgium; b. at Liège, 21 August, 1832; d. at Louvain, 14 July, 1899.

A concord of sounds, several tones of different pitch sounded as a chord; among the Greeks, the general term for music.

William Selby Harney, soldier, convert; b. near Haysboro, Tennessee, U.S.A., 27 August, 1800; d. at St. Louis, Missouri, 9 May, 1889. John Milton Harney, brother of foregoing, b. in Delaware, 9 March, 1789; d. at Somerset, Kentucky, 15 January, 1825.

Son of King Gorm the Old of Denmark. (911-986)

Irish Franciscan and historical writer, d. at Rome, 18 March, 1685.

A titular see of Caria, suffragan of Stauropolis.

Priest, philosopher, theologian and preacher. Born in London 26 Sept., 1821, of Anglican parents, his father being a merchant of good means in the City; d. 29 Aug., 1893.

English martyr; b. 1566; d. 18 February, 1594.

Folklorist, novelist, poet, journalist; born at Eatonton, Georgia, U.S.A., 1848; died at Atlanta, Georgia, 3 July, 1908.

Diocese in Pennsylvania.

Priest and martyr; b. in the Diocese of Lichfield, England, date unknown; d. at York, 22 March, 1602.

Third and last archpriest of England, b. in Derbyshire in 1553; d. 11 May, 1621.

This is the Old English and Middle English term for the triumphant descent of Christ into hell (or Hades) between the time of His Crucifixion and His Resurrection, when, according to Christian belief, He brought salvation to the souls held captive there since the beginning of the world.

English priest. (1558-1583)

Diocese of Hartford, established by Gregory XVI, 18 Sept., 1843.

Martyr; b. at Wyn, in Derbyshire, England, of a yeoman family about 1557; d. 5 October, 1588.

A Middle High German epic poet and minnesinger; died between 1210 and 1220.

Mechanician and physicist; b. at Eckoltsheim, Bavaria, 9 Feb. 1489; d. at Nuremberg, 9 April, 1564.

Historian, b. at Neustadt, near Friedland, Bohemia , 18 July, 1812; d. 1 September, 1889, as dean of Weisskirchlitz, near Teplitz.

A poet-author of the Austrian national anthem; b. at Vienna, 1 Sept. 1749, d. there 3 Aug., 1827, was in his youth a member of the Society of Jesus.

A Tyrolese priest and patriot; b. at Gries, Tyrol, 28 October, 1776; d. in the imperial palace of Mirabell, Salzburg, 12 January, 1858.

An editor, historian; b. in New York, U.S.A., 4 September, 1836; d. in that city, 18 April, 1888.

Preacher; b. at Coblenz, 14 August, 1810; d. at Paris, 5 July, 1876.

In general, a vehement aversion entertained by one person for another, or for something more or less identified with that other.

Archbishop of Mainz; b. of a noble Swabian family, c. 850; d. 15 May, 913.

Dominican, apologist; b. in 1701; d. at Stourton Lodge, near Leeds, Yorkshire, 23 October, 1783.

A titular see of Palestina Tertia, suffragan of Petra.

A religious congregation founded in Paris early in the fourteenth century by Jeanne, wife of Etienne Haudry, a private secretary of St. Louis, King of France.

"The mother of the orphans", as she was familiarly styled, b. in Cavan, Ireland, about 1814; d. at New Orleans, Louisiana, 9 February, 1882.

Historian and publicist; b. at Paris, 1812; d. there, 1896.

A Cistercian monastery near Aix-les-Bains in Savoy.

French physicist, b. at Orléans, 20 March, 1647; d. there, 18 October, 1724.

Antoine Dadin d'Hauteserre, born 1602, died 1682; a distinguished French historian and canonist, dean of the faculty of law at the University of Toulouse. Flavius Hauteserre, younger brother of the above, died about 1670; professor of law at Poitiers.

Mineralogist; b. at Saint-Just (Oise), 28 Feb., 1743; d. at Paris, 3 June, 1822.

Founder of the first school for the blind, and known under the name of "Father and Apostle of the Blind". (1745-1822)

A Franciscan theologian, b. at Verviers, 1589; d. at Liège 12 November, 1676, for many years professor of theology.

Jurisdiction of the See of Havana comprises the two provinces of Havana and Matanzas.

German Jesuit; b. at Cologne, 27 February, 1714; died at Münster after 1778.

Theologian and controversialist, b. in Lancashire, England, 9 April, 1662; d. in London, 23 April, 1735.

Poet; b. in Suffolk about 1474; d. about 1523.

Poet and antiquary; b. at Plymouth 3 December, 1803, d. there 15 August, 1875.

Raised to the peerage as Lord Brampton, eminent English lawyer and Judge, b. at Hitchin, Hertfordshire, 14 September, 1817; d. at London, 12 October, 1907.

Edmund Hay, jesuit, and envoy to Mary Queen of Scots, b. 1540?; d. at Rome, 4 Nov., 1591. John Hay, kinsman and contemporary of Edmund, of the family of Hay of Dalgetti; b., 1546; d. at Pont-à-Mousson, 1608; a well-known scholar, professor, and writer.

Bishop and writer, b. at Edinburgh, 24 Aug., 1729; d. at Aquhorties, 18 Oct., 1811.

Famous composer. (1732-1809)

Younger brother of Franz Joseph Haydn. (1737-1806)

Priest and biblical scholar. (1774-1849)

English martyr. (1556-1583)

Benedictine bishop. (d. 853)

English Franciscan and schoolman, b. at Faversham, Kent; d. at Anagni, Itlay, in 1243, according to the most probable opinion; Wadding gives 1244.

Cardinal, Archbishop of Kalocsa-Bács in Hungary; b. at Szécsény, 3 October, 1816; d. at Kalocsa, 3 July, 1891.

Controversialist, orator, and writer, b. 28 October, 1617, at Oudenarde in the Netherlands; entered the Society of Jesus, 24 Sept., 1634; d. 25 October, 1690, at Antwerp.

An American portrait and historical painter, b. at Boston, 15 July, 1808; d. at Chicago, 14 June 1894.

The triangular candlestick used in the Tenebrae service.

Special form of devotion to Jesus. Discussion of what it is and what distinguishes it, its object, its foundations, and its proper act.

Details on several congregations under this name.

Article covering the nature and the history of the devotion.

English Franciscan and martyr, son of John Heath; christened at St. John's, Peterborough, 16 December, 1599; executed at Tyburn, 17 April, 1643.

In the Holy Bible the term heaven denotes, in the first place, the blue firmament, or the region of the clouds that pass along the sky. Gen., i, 20, speaks of the birds "under the firmament of heaven". In other passages it denotes the region of the stars that shine in the sky. Furthermore heaven is spoken of as the dwelling of God; for, although God is omnipresent, He manifests Himself in a special manner in the light and grandeur of the firmament.

As compared with the Latin Vulgate, the Hebrew Bible includes the entire Old Testament with the exception of the seven deuterocanonical books, Tobias, Judith, Wisdom, Ecclesiasticus, Baruch, I and II Machabees, and the deuterocanonical portions of Esther (x, 4 to end) and Daniel (iii, 24-90; xiii; xiv).

Hebrew was the language spoken by the ancient Israelites, and in which were composed nearly all of the books of the Old Testament.

The central thought of the entire Epistle is the doctrine of the Person of Christ and His Divine mediatorial office.

Vicariate Apostolic of New Hebrides; in Oceania.

An ancient royal city of Chanaan, famous in biblical history, especially at the time of the patriarchs and under David.

Missionary, author, founder of the Paulists; b. in New York, 18 December, 1819; d. there, 22 Dec., 1888.

Grammarian, poet, preacher, archeologist, philologist. Born at Paris, 4 August, 1604; died at Nemours, 27 July, 1676.

The name given to the group of ethical systems that hold, with various modifications, that feelings of pleasure or happiness are the highest and final aim of conduct; that, consequently those actions which increase the sum of pleasure are thereby constituted right, and, conversely, what increases pain is wrong.

Duchess of Silesia. (1174-1243)

Merchant and philanthropist; b. in King's County, Ireland, 1754; d. at Brooklyn, U.S.A., 3 May, 1848.

Catholic statesman and writer on art, b. 26 Aug., 1832, at Surenburg near Riesenbeck, Westphalia; d. 23 March, 1903, at Berlin.

A village in the diocese of Hertogenbosch (Bois-le-Duc), Holland, in which the dispersed religious of the confiscated Norbertine Abbey of Berne created a new abbey and college.

Bishop of Rottenburg, b. at Unterkochen, Würtemberg, 15 March, 1890; d. at Rottenburg, 5 June, 1893.

Hegel's philosophy is an attempt to reduce to a more synthetic unity the system of transcendantal idealism bequeathed to him by Kant, Fichte, and Schelling.

A writer of the second century.

Fourth-century translator of Josephus.

Humanist; b. probably in 1433, at Heeck (Westphalia); d. 7 December, 1498.

The fame of Heidelberg is due to its university, which was founded in 1386 by the warlike Rupert I of Wittelsbach when he was over seventy years of age, on the model of the University of Paris.

An existing Cistercian monastery in the Wienerwald, eight miles north-west of Baden in Lower Austria.

Formerly a Cistercian monastery in the Diocese of Eichstatt in Middle Franconia.

This name indicates the unknown author of some small mystical treatises, written about the beginning of the fourteenth century at the Cistercian Abbey of Heilsbronn.

French historical painter, b. near Belfort, 1787, d. in Paris, 1865.

A Middle High German poet, author of a narrative poem "Reinhart Fuchs".

Founder of the Brethren of the Common Life in Germany. (1371-1439)

A German poet of the fifteenth century, d. at Strasburg in 1460; he was a priest in Freiburg (Breisgau), and later dean of the cathedral.

Usually called "Frauenlob" (Woman's praise), a Middle High German lyric poet; b. at Meissen about 1250; d. at Mainz, 1318.

German satirist of the twelfth century; of knightly birth and probably a lay brother in the convent of Melk, in Styria.

A medieval German poet of knightly rank; b. near Maastricht in the Netherlands about the middle of the twelfth century.

Swiss painter. (1564-1609)

German astronomer, b. at Cologne, 18 February, 1806; d. at Münster, Westphalia, 30 June, 1877.

A former Cistercian monastery in the Siebengebirge near the little town of Oberdollendorf in the Archdiocese of Cologne.

Biography of the twelfth-century Swedish widow and martyr, killed in perhaps the year 1160.

Erected from the Vicariate of Montana, 7 March, 1884.

The mother of Constantine the Great, d. about 330.

A titular see of Bithynia Prima, suffragan of Prusa.

Both judge and high-priest, whose history is related in I Kings.

A Carmelite, opponent of the Reformation in Denmark, born at Warberg (in the Laen of Halland), about 1480; died after 1534.

The oldest complete work of German literature.

Medieval poet, chronicler, and ecclesiastical writer.

The name adopted by Varius Avitus Bassianus, Roman emperor (218-222), born of a Syrian family and a grandnephew of Julia Domna, the consort of Emperor Septimus Severus.

Hell (infernus) in theological usage is a place of punishment after death.

Astronomer, b. at Schemnitz in Hungary, 15 May, 1720; d. at Vienna, 14 April, 1792.

French philosopher and essayist. (1828-1885)

A historian, born in the first half of the twelfth century; died about 1177.

Born at Brussels, 1577; died near Vilvorde, 30 December, 1644. This scientist, distinguished in the early annals of chemistry, belonged to a Flemish family.

A religious order of women founded in Paris, France, 1856, with the object of assisting the Holy Souls, by [Blessed] Eugénie Smet (in religion, Marie de la Providence).

The name of several Latin writers.

Usually known as Hippolyte, his name in religion. Born at Paris, in 1660; died there 5 January, 1716.

A provost at Solothurn, in Switzerland, born at Zurich, in 1388 or 1389; died about 1460.

Theologian, musician, singer, and writer. (1850-1909)

Twenty-second Bishop of Cebú, Philippine Islands, b. at Penn Yan, New York, U.S.A., 29 Oct., 1849; d. at Cebú, 29 Nov., 1909.

Catholic priest and the inventor of the horizontal pendulum, b. at Reichenhofen, Würtemberg, 3 Feb., 1806; d. at Tigerfeld, 1858.

One of the most famous explorers in the wilds of North America during the seventeenth century.

The name of the son of Cain (Gen., iv, 17, 18), of a nephew of Abraham (Gen., xxv, 4), of the first-born of Ruben (Gen., xlvi, 9), and of the son of Jared and the father of Mathusala (Gen., v. 18 sq.).

The antediluvian patriarch Henoch according to Genesis "walked with God and was seen no more, because God took him".

The unsuccessful law made by the Emperor Zeno in order to conciliate Catholics and Monophysites.

A Carmelite theologian, b. in 1630, at Ath in Hainaut, Belgium; d. in 1719 or 1720, near Liège.

Baron, French magistrate, historian, and journalist; b. at Metz, 19 June, 1805; d. at Aix, September, 1862.

A Cistercian of the Spanish Congregation; b. at Madrid, 1594; d. 23 December, 1632, at Louvain.

Jesuit theologian, b. at Oporto, 1536; d. at Tivoli, 28 January, 1608.

Layman, martyred at York, 4 July, 1597, pronounced Venerable in 1886.

King of England. (1133-1189)

German King and Holy Roman Emperor. (972-1024)

German king and Holy Roman Emperor. (1017-1056)

German king and Holy Roman Emperor. (1050-1108)

King of France and Navarre. (1553-1610)

(Catholic Encyclopedia)

German theologian; b. at Friemar, a small town near Gotha in Thuringia, about the end of the thirteenth century; d. probably at Erfurt about 1355.

A notable scholastic philosopher and theologian of the thirteenth century.

Friar and chronicler; date of birth unknown; died at Minden, 9 Oct., 1370.

Historian; b. probably near Ramsey, Huntingdonshire, between 1080 and 1085; d. 1155.

Carthusian writer, b. at Kalkar in the Duchy of Cleves in 1328; d. at Cologne, 20 December, 1408.

Theologian and mathematician; b. about 1325 at the villa of Hainbuch (Hembuche), near Langenstein in Hesse; d. at Vienna, 11 Feb., 1397.

A Bavarian secular priest, of the fourteenth century, date of death unknown; the spiritual adviser of Margaretha Ebner (died 1351), the mystic of Medingen.

Alleged author of an imperial and papal chronicle of the thirteenth and fourteenth centuries.

Usually called Hostiensis, an Italian canonist of the thirteenth century, born at Susa (in the ancient Diocese of Turin); died at Lyons, 25 October, 1271.

Biography of this German Dominican mystic, d. 1366.

Born 4 March, 1394; died 13 November, 1460; he was the fourth son of John I, King of Portugal, by Queen Philippa, a daughter of John of Gaunt.

German king and Holy Roman Emperor. (1081-1125)

German king and Holy Roman Emperor. (1165-1197)

King of England. (1491-1547)

(Catholic Encyclopedia)

Scottish poet, born probably 1420-1430; died about 1500.

Jesuit, hagiographer; b. at Venray (Limburg), 21 June, 1601; d. at Antwerp, 11 Sept., 1681.

Poetess and convert; born at Linum, 30 March, 1798; died. at Paderborn, 18 December, 1876.

John Henton, Biblical exegete, born 1499 at Nalinnes Belgium; died 10 Oct., 1566.

The science of sacred festivals, embracing the principles of their origin, significance, and historical development, with reference to epochs or incidents in the Christian year.

A titular see of Augustamnica Prima, mentioned by Hierocles (Synecd., 727, 9), by George of Cyprus, and by certain rare documents, as among the thirteen towns of that province.

By the term heptarchy is understood that complexus of seven kingdoms, into which, roughly speaking, Anglo-Saxon Britain was divided for nearly three centuries, until at last the supremacy, about the year 829, fell definitely and finally into the hands of Wessex.

Bishop of Alexandria from 231 or 232; to 247 or 248.

A titular see of Thracia Prima.

Ecclesiastical heraldry naturally divides itself into various branches, principally: the arms of religious corporations, and other bodies; the insignia of ecclesiastical dignity, rank, or office; the charges, terms, and forms of general heraldry having a religious or ecclesiastical origin, usage, or character; the emblems or devices attributed to or typifying particular saints or other beings venerated by the Church.

German philosopher and educationist. (1776-1841)

A biographer of St. Thomas Becket, dates of birth and death unknown.

An anchorite of the seventh century, who dwelt for many years on the little island still known as St. Herbert's Isle, in the Lake of Derwentwater.

English authoress and philanthropist. (1822-1911)

Born at Rottweil, in Würtemberg, 13 January, 1787; died 31 July, 1836.

Born at Lisbon, 28 March, 1810; died near Santarem, 13 Sept., 1877.

The name of a German firm of publishers and booksellers.

An Austrian Jesuit missionary in China; born at Graz, Styria, 25 June, 1625; d. 18 July, 1684.

The offspring tends to resemble, sometimes with extraordinary closeness, the parents.

Located in England.

Daughter of Hereric and Beorhtswith and sister of St. Hilda of Whitby.

St. Thomas defines heresy: "a species of infidelity in men who, having professed the faith of Christ, corrupt its dogmas".

Church historian and canonist, first Cardinal-Prefect of the Vatican Archives, b. at Würzburg, 15 Sept., 1824; d. at Mehrerau (Bodensee), 3 Oct., 1890.

Archbishop of Milan. (1018-1045)

Archbishop of Cologne; born at Worms, c. 970; died at Cologne, 16 March, 1021.

A medieval theologian and historian; born about 925; died 31 October, 1007.

A theologian, born at Helmond, North Brabant, 1621; died 17 Aug., 1678.

Chronicler, mathematician, and poet. (1013-1054)

Landgrave of Thuringia (1190-1217), famous as a patron of medieval German poets.

Premonstratensian monk and mystic. (1150-1241)

A medieval historian; b. 1200 or 1201; d. 31 July, 1275.

With this name are connected two works on mysticism written in German.

Provincial of the German province of Dominicans; b. at or near Minden on an unknown date; d. shortly after 1294.

Fourth Grand Master of the Teutonic Order, descendant of the noble Thuringian house of Salza; b. 1180 at Langensalza in Thuringia; d. 19 March, 1239, at Barletta in Southern Italy.

First or second century, author of the book called "The Shepherd" (Poimen, Pastor), a work which had great authority in ancient times and was ranked with Holy Scripture.

The Roman Martyrology sets down for 18 August (XV Kal. Septembris) the feast of the holy martyrs Hermas, Serapion, and Polyaenus, with the statement that they suffered death in Rome for the Faith.

Derived from a Greek word connected with the name of the god Hermes, the reputed messenger and interpreter of the gods.

The son of an Arian Visigothic king. His mother and wife were Catholic, and he converted to Catholicism, and resisted Arianism. He was beheaded in 585.

Philosopher and theologian. (1775-1831)

Martyr, Bishop of Salano (Spalato) in Dalmatia.

Mathematician, born at Dieuze, Lorraine, 24 December, 1822; d. at Paris, 14 January, 1901;

Also called anchorites, men who fled the society of their fellow-men to dwell alone in retirement.

A religious order which in the thirteenth century combined several monastic societies into one, under this name.

A group of mountains forming the southern extremity of Anti-Lebanon, and marking on the east of the Jordan the northern boundary of Israel.

A titular see of Thebais Prima, suffragan of Antinoe, in Egypt.

A titular see of Ægyptus Prima, suffragan of Alexandria.

Herod was the name of many rulers mentioned in the N.T. and in history. It was known long before the time of the biblical Herods.

Wife of Herod Philip, and mistress of Herod Antipas.

A decree of the Sacred Congregation of Indulgences dated 18 December, 1885, and confirmed the following day by Leo XIII.

St. Augustine first applied the pagan title of hero to the Christian martyrs.

A fifteenth century Franciscan of the Strict Observance and a distinguished writer on mysticism.

A twelfth-century abbess, author of the "Hortus Deliciarum"; born about 1130, at the castle of Landsberg, the seat of a noble Alsatian family; died 1195.

There were three artists of the name of Herregouts, father, son, and grandson, of whom the chief was Hendrik, the son of David, and the father of Jan.

A painter, architect, sculptor and etcher; born in Madrid, 1611 or 1619; died there, 1671.

A Spanish historian; born at Cuellar, in the province of Segovia, in 1559; died at Madrid, 27 March, 1625.

A Spanish lyric poet; born 1537; died 1597.

A Spanish painter, etcher, medallist, and architect; born in Seville, 1576; died in Madrid, 1656.

A Benedictine historian and diplomat. (1694-1762)

An ancient imperial abbey of the Benedictine Order.

Spanish Jesuit and famous philologist; b. at Horcajo, 1 May, 1735; d. at Rome, 24 August, 1809.

French theologian and controversialist; b. at Olivet, near Orléans, in 1499; d. at Reims, 12 September, 1584.

A titular see of the province of Arabia, suffragan of Bostra.

The name of a German tribe, and also a district in Germany extending along the Lahn, Eder, Fulda, Werra, and the Lower Main and Rhine.

A distinguished theologian of Louvain; born 1522; died 1566.

Hesychasts (hesychastes -- quietist) were people, nearly all monks, who defended the theory that it is possible by an elaborate system of asceticism, detachment from earthly cares, submission to an approved master, prayer, especially perfect repose of body and will, to see a mystic light; which is none other than the uncreated light of God.

Grammarian and lexicographer; of uncertain date, but assigned by most authorities to the later fourth or earlier fifth century.

Presbyter and exegete, probably of the fifth century.

A priest and monk of the Order of St. Basil in the Thorn-bush (Batos) monastery on Mt. Sinai, and ascetic author of the Byzantine period in literature.

One of the many peoples of North-Western Asia, styled Hittim in the Hebrew Bible, Khuti or Kheta on the Egyptian monuments, and Hatti in the cuneiform documents.

A Catholic theologian; born 13 January, 1819, at Aschaffenburg; died 26 January, 1890, at Würzburg.

Missionary to China and zoologist. (1836-1902)

English martyr; son of William Hewett of York; date of birth unknown; executed at Mile End Green, 6 October, 1588.

Priest and second Superior General of the Institute of St. Paul the Apostle. (1820-1897)

Signifies a term of six days, or, technically, the history of the six days' work of creation, as contained in the first chapter of Genesis.

The name given to Origen's edition of the Old Testament in Hebrew and Greek.

A name commonly used by the critics to designate the first six books of the Old Testament, i.e. the Pentateuch and Josue.

Diocese of Hexham and Newcastle (Hagulstadensis et Novocastrensis).

A theologian, born about 1425; died at Basle, 12 March, 1496.

Jasper Heywood, poet and translator; born 1535 in London; died 1598 at Naples. John Heywood, father of Jasper, dramatist and epigrammatist; born probably c. 1497; died about 1580.

King of Juda, son and successor of Achaz.

This organization grew up gradually among the Catholics of Ireland owing to the dreadful hardships and persecutions to which they were subjected.

A theologian, born in the Barony of Islands, Co. Clare, Ireland, in 1586; died in Rome, 26 June, 1641.

Mexican patriot. (1753-1811)

Titular see of Phrygia Salutaris.

Titular Archdiocese, metropolis of the Province of Euphrates, in the Patriarchate of Antioch.

This word has been used to denote the totality of ruling powers in the Church, ever since the time of the Pseudo-Dionysius Areopagita (sixth century), who consecrated the expression in his works, "The Celestial Hierarchy" and "The Ecclesiastical Hierarchy".

The word hierarchy is used here to denote the three grades of bishop, priest, and deacon (ministri).

A titular see of Lydia, suffragan of Sardis.

In the fourth century, certain Roman ladies, following St. Paula, embraced the religious life in Bethlehem, putting themselves under the direction of St. Jerome, who had founded a monastery in that city.

All attempts to establish as historical a personality corresponding to the Hierotheus who appears in the writings of Pseudo-Dionysius are rendered abortive by the fact, now definitely proven, that those writings, with intent to mislead, weave into their narrative various fictitious personalities of the Apostolic Era, such as Peter, James, John, Timothy, Carpus, and others.

Benedictine chronicler. (d. 1364)

The chief altar in a church, raised on an elevated plane in the sanctuary, where it may be seen simultaneously by all the faithful in the body of the church.

Aaron being the first high-priest and Eleazar his successor; so that, though the Scripture does not say so explicitly, the succession of the eldest son to the office of high-priest became a law.

Biblical criticism in its fullest comprehension is the examination of the literary origins and historical values of the books composing the Bible, with the state in which these exist at the present day.

Founder of anchoritic life in Palestine. (291-371)

Moral theologian. (1839-1900)

As an archdeacon, he had acted as one of Pope St. Leo the Great's legates at the "Robber Synod."

5th-century archbishop.

Fourth-century bishop.

Abbess, born 614; died 680.

Bishop of Le Mans, Archbishop of Tours, and celebrated medieval poet; b. about 1056, at the Castle of Lavardin near Montoir on the Loire; d. 8 December, 1133 or 1134.

Seer and prophet, Sibyl of the Rhine, d. 1179. Never formally canonized, but she is listed in the Roman Martyrology.

An exempt see, comprising the Prussian province of Hanover east of the Weser, besides the Duchy of Brunswick.

Died 22 November, 840.

English martyr, executed at Durham, 27 May, 1590.

Discussion of the Jewish rabbi and philosopher from a traditional Catholic perspective.

Augustinian mystic. (d. 1396)

A titular see in the province of Osrhoene, suffragan of Edessa.

An Archbishop of Tarragona in Spain, 385.

Archbishop of Reims.

A bishop of Laon, died 879.

A German missionary in China, born at Reiningen, near Mülhausen, in Alsace, 21 Sept., 1668; died 24 Aug., 1744.

The conglomeration of religious beliefs and practices existing in India that have grown out of ancient Brahminism.

Canadian physician and surgeon, b. at Hinchinbrook near Huntingdon, Quebec, June 29, 1829; d. at Montreal, 19 February, 1907.

Titular see of Northern Africa.

Titular see of Numidia.

Martyr, presbyter and antipope. (d. 236)

Name of various martyrs.

Titular see of Tunis.

A celebrated Benedictine monastery in Würtemberg, Diocese of Spires.

Professor of moral theology and catechetics at the University of Freiburg in the Breisgau.

The art of distinguishing the true from the false concerning facts of the past.

The scientific investigation and the methodical description of the temporal development of the Church.

A theologian and liturgical writer, born about 1525, at Cologne; died there in 1584.

Botanist and schoolmaster. (1773-1844)

Archdiocese comprises Tasmania, Bruni Island, and the Cape Barren, Flinders, King, and other islands in Bass Straits.

A lawman and martyr; date and place of birth unknown; d. at Tyburn, 10 Dec., 1591.

An historian; born at Memmingen, Bavaria, 26 March, 1811; died at Prague, 29 December, 1898.

A patriot and soldier, born at St. Leonhard in Passeyrthale, Tyrol, 22 Nov., 1767; executed at Mantua, 20 Feb., 1810.

Better known, on account of his long sojourn in France, as Abbé Hogan. (1829-1901)

A Benedictine historian; born at Spörl near Belgrade, 25 June, 1718; died at the monastery of Rheinau, near Schaffhausen in Switzerland, 18 December, 1795.

A suppressed nunnery, situated on the Odilienberg, the most famous of the Vosges mountains in Alsace.

A titular Bishop of Sardica, famous for his many supposedly miraculous cures. (1794-1849)

A German painter; b. at Augsburg about 1460; d. at Isenheim, Alsace, in 1524.

An English priest; born 1596; died March, 1662.

Holiness or sanctity is the outcome of sanctification, that Divine act by which God freely justifies us, and by which He has claimed us for His own; by our resulting sanctity, in act as well as in habit, we claim Him as our Beginning and as the End towards which we daily unflinchingly tend.

An English martyr, b. 1600 at Sutton, Lancashire; martyred at Tyburn, 12 December, 1642.

Statistics and other information about Dutch immigrants.

Catholic educator and priest; born at Windsor, Vermont, in 1799; died at Lorette, near Quebec, Canada, in 1852.

As suggested by its Greek origin (holos "whole", and kaustos "burnt") the word designates an offering entirely consumed by fire, in use among the Jews and some pagan nations of antiquity. [Definition from 1910.]

German philologist, b. at Hamburg, 1596; d. at Rome, 2 February, 1661.

German novelist, poet, and dramatist; b. at Breslau, 24 January, 1798; d. in that city, 12 February, 1880.

An association for giving special honour to the mental sufferings of Christ during His Agony in the Garden of Gethsemani.

The Emperor Francis I of Austria, King Frederick William III of Prussia, and the Tsar Alexander I of Russia, signed a treaty on 26 September, 1815, by which they united in a "Holy Alliance."

Founded in England in 1840 by Mrs. Cornelia Connelly, née Peacock, a native of Philadelphia, U.S.A., who had become a convert to the Catholic Faith in 1835.

A children's association for the benefit of foreign missions.

The possession of the seamless garment of Christ, for which the soldiers cast lots at the Crucifixion, is claimed by the cathedral of Trier and by the parish church of Argenteuil.

By Communion is meant the actual reception of the Sacrament of the Eucharist.

The ruins of this monastery are situated on the right bank of the River Suir, about three miles south-west of the cathedral town of Thurles, Co. Tipperary.

A body of priests and lay brothers constituted in the religious state by the simple vows of poverty, chastity, and obedience, and bearing the common name of Religious of Holy Cross.

Founded in 1841, in the parish of Holy Cross near Le Mans, Sarthe, France, by a priest of the same city, Basile-Antoine Moreau.

Mother House, St. Mary's of the Immaculate Conception, Notre Dame, Indiana.

Founded at Dublin, in 1857, by Margaret Aylward, under the direction of Rev. John Gowan, C.M., for the care of Catholic orphans.

This archconfraternity owes its origin to Henri Belletable, an officer in the Engineers' Corps, Liege, Belgium.

Details of various groups by this name.

The doctrine of the Catholic Church concerning the Holy Ghost forms an integral part of her teaching on the mystery of the Holy Trinity.

The Hospital of the Holy Ghost at Rome was the cradle of an order, which, beginning in the thirteenth century, spread throughout all the countries of Christendom, and whose incalculable services have been recognized by every historian of medicine.

Several groups by this name are covered.

The name of a legendary sacred vessel, variously identified with the chalice of the Eucharist or the dish of the Pascal lamb, and the theme of a famous medieval cycle of romance.

Since the fifteenth century, and possibly even earlier, it has been numbered among the most famous shrines of Italy.

Founded at Dommartin-sous-Amance, France, in 1855, by John Joseph Begel (b. 5 April, 1817; d. 23 Jan., 1884), pastor of the two villages of Laitre and Dommartin.

Founded in 1853 by the Right Rev. John Timon, the first Bishop of Buffalo. The special aim of this congregation is the sanctification of its members and the care of destitute and wayward boys.

Article on these children, and the commemoration of their martyrdom.

Reverence for the name of Jesus is not optional for believers. Article highlights the Scriptural reasons, and describes some customary ways of showing reverence.

Formerly the second Sunday after Epiphany, no longer on the Roman Calendar. Article's value is mostly historical.

Does not give the text of the litany itself, but mentions many of the titles of Jesus Christ.

Confraternity of the Most Holy Name of God and Jesus.

Oil is a product of great utility the symbolic signification of which harmonizes with its natural uses. It serves to sweeten, to strengthen, to render supple; and the Church employs it for these purposes in its rites.

In Christian antiquity there existed an important category of vessels used as receptacles for holy oil.

In the early Church this was the only Saturday on which fasting was permitted (Constit. Apost., VII, 23), and the fast was one of special severity.

A term derived from the enthronement-ceremony of the bishops of Rome.

The tomb in which the Body of Jesus Christ was laid after His death upon the Cross.

Concerning the foundation there is only a tradition connecting it with St. James the Apostle and representing St. Helena as invested with the habit by St. Macanus, Bishop of Jerusalem.

Franciscan Fathers, who with lay brothers keep watch over the Holy Sepulchre and the sanctuaries of the basilica.

A secular confraternity which gradually grew up around the most august of the Holy Places.

Consisting of twenty-eight white marble steps, at Rome, near the Lateran; according to tradition the staircase leading once to the prætorium of Pilate at Jerusalem, hence sanctified by the footsteps of Our Lord during his Passion.

The name of the council by which the Church of Russia and, following its example, many other Orthodox Churches are governed.

The feast of Maundy (or Holy) Thursday solemnly commemorates the institution of the Eucharist and is the oldest of the observances peculiar to Holy Week.

In the earliest Christian times, water was used for expiatory and purificatory purposes, to a way analogous to its employment under the Jewish Law.

Vessels intended for the use of holy water.

The week which precedes the great festival of the Resurrection on Easter Sunday, and which consequently is used to commemorate the Passion of Christ, and the event which immediately led up to it.

Background information relating to the Jubilee.

Located in Edinburgh, Scotland; founded in 1128 by King David I for the Canons Regular of St. Augustine, probably brought from St. Andrews.

Two documents of the twelfth century, preserved in the British Museum, and printed by the Bollandists, give its history, with the earliest record of the miraculous cures effected by its waters.

Jesuit; b. At Artane, Dublin, in 1559; d. 4 September, 1626.

A monk of English origin, lived in the first half of the thirteenth century as professor of astronomy at Paris; died in that city, 1256.

Parish priest, ecclesiastical writer, and founder of a religious community; born 24 Aug., 1613, at Laugna in the Diocese of Augsburg, Bavaria; died 20 May, 1658.

This term, when used in an eleemosynary sense, covers all institutions that afford the general comforts of domestic life to persons who are defective and dependent.

Signifies, in general, the killing of a human being. In practice, however, the word has come to mean the unjust taking away of human life, perpetrated by one distinct from the victim and acting in a private capacity.

The science that treats of the composition and delivery of a sermon or other religious discourse.

A collection of homilies, or familiar explanations of the Gospels.

Derived from the Greek word homilia (from homilein), which means to have communion or hold intercourse with a person.

The word used by the Council of Nicaea (325) to express the Divinity of Christ.

The territory of the vicariate is co-extensive with that of the British Crown Colony of the same name.

A prefect Apostolic under the Bishop of Macao was nominated by Gregory XVI (1846); a vicariate Apostolic was created in 1874.

A Discalced Carmelite; born at Limoges, 4 July, 1651 ; died at Lille, 1729.

Founder of the famous monastery at Lérins, Archbishop of Arles, d. 429.

Reigned 625-638.

Archdeacon of Bologna. Died at Rome, 14 February, 1130.

Born at Rome, date of birth unknown; died at Rome, 18 March, 1227.

Born at Rome about 1210; died at Rome, 3 April, 1287.

A theologian, philosopher, and encyclopedic writer who lived in the first half of the twelfth century.

Roman Emperor, d. 25 August, 423.

Archbishop of Canterbury, d. 653.

May be defined as the deferential recognition by word or sign of another's worth or station.

An auxiliary Bishop of Trier; born at Trier, 27 January, 1701; died at Montquentin, near Orval, 2 Sept., 1790.

A flexible, conical, brimless head-dress, covering the entire head, except the face.

A theologian and controversialist, born about 1460, in Hoogstraeten, Belgium; died in Cologne, 24 January, 1527.

Born at Dublin in 1716; died at St. Cloud, Paris, 16 April, 1796, son of Nathaniel Hooke the historian.

The desire of something together with the expectation of obtaining it.

Parliamentary barrister, Q.C.; b. 15 July, 1812, at Great Marlow, Berkshire, England; d. in London, 29 April, 1873.

A tribe of Pueblo Indians of Shoshonean stock.

Marquis de Sainte-Mesme and Comte d'Entremont, French mathematician; b. at Paris, 1661; d. at Paris, 2 February, 1704.

Jesuit and poet. (1844-1889)

Date of birth unknown, elected to the Holy See, 514; d. at Rome, 6 August, 523.

Layman and martyr, born at Grantley, Yorkshire, England, date of birth unknown; died at Smithfield, 4 March, 1590.

On the Jewish altar there were four projections, one at each corner, which were called the horns of the altar. These projections are not found on the Christian altar, but the word cornu ("horn") is still maintained to designate the sides or corners of the altar.

A titular Bishop of Phiomelia, Vicar Apostolic of the Midland District, England; born 19 February, 1706; died at Longbirch, Staffordshire, 26 December, 1778.

A prayer book popular in the early years of the sixteenth century.

The general opinion is that of St. Jerome, that the word originated from two Hebrew words of Psalm cxvii (cxviii), 25. This psalm, was recited by one of the priests every day during the procession round the altar, during the Feast of Tabernacles, when the people were commanded to "rejoice before the Lord" (Lev., xxiii, 40); and on the seventh day it was recited each time during the seven processions.

The foremost Western champion of orthodoxy in the early anti-Arian struggle; born about 256; died about 358.

Cardinal and Prince-Bishop of Ermland; born of German parents at Cracow, 5 May, 1504; died at Capranica, near Rome, S August, 1579.

During the early centuries of Christianity the hospice was a shelter for the sick, the poor, the orphans, the old, the travellers and the needy of every kind.

These sisters are established in religion under the Rule of St. Augustine (q. v.), the institute being dependent on the pope represented by the bishop.

In the religious orders the duty of hospitality was insisted upon from the beginning both in East and West.

During the Middle Ages, among the hospitals established throughout, religious of both sexes lived under one roof, following the Rule of St. Augustine.

The most important of all the military orders, both for the extent of its area and for its duration.

Originally, hospital meant a place where strangers or visitors were received; in the course of time, its use was restricted to institutions for the care of the sick.

Popularly known as Sospis, hermit, d. 581.

Poet and priest; born at Mercken, West Flanders, in 1596; died at Tongres in 1653.

Archaeological and historical aspects.

One of the seven Dominicans, who distinguished themselves in the struggle against Luther in Cologne.

One of three tribes of South Africa which may be divided Bantus, Hottentots, and Bushmen.

Oratorian, one of the ablest Biblical scholars of his time. Born in Paris, 1686; died there 31 October, 1783.

Born at Versailles, 1741; died 16 July, 1828; the most distinguished sculptor of France during the latter half of the eighteenth century.

Preacher and writer on ascetics; b. 23 January, 1631, at Tours; d. 21 March, 1729, at Paris.

Protomartyr of the persecution under Henry VIII, b. in Essex, 1487; d. at Tyburn, 4 May, 1535.

Archbishop of Dublin, date and place of birth unknown; died at Dijon, 1298.

All the fixed portion of the Divine Office which the Church appoints to be recited at the different hours.

Friar Minor, lector in theology and exegete; b. at Rethy, in Campine (Belgium); d. at Antwerp, in 1793.

Poor Clare, born 28 December, 1653; died at Rouen, 21 Mary's 1735.

Dominican and cardinal, commonly called the "Cardinal of Norfolk"; born at Arundel House, London, 21 September, 1629; died at Rome, 17 June, 1694.

Earl of Arundel, martyred in 1595.

Viscount Stafford, martyr; born 30 November, 1614; beheaded Tower-Hill, 29 December, 1680.

A celebrated nun-poetess of the tenth century, whose name has been given in various forms, Roswitha, Hrotswitha, Hrosvitha, and Hrotsuit; born probably between 930 and 940, died about 1002.

Diocese in the State of Oaxaca, Mexico, erected by Bull of Leo XIII.

Suffragan of Lima in Peru.

Suffragan of Lima. It comprises the entire department of Ancachs in the Republic of Peru.

Historian; born 14 October, 1834, at Fügen, Zillerthal (Tyrol); died 23 November, 1898, at Vienna.

Archbishop of Canterbury (1193-1205); died 13 July, 1205.

The ninth Bishop of Quebec, born at Quebec, 23 February, 1739; died 17 October, 1799.

Confessor, thirty-first Bishop of Maastricht, first Bishop of Liège, and Apostle of the Ardennes, born about 656.

The highest order of Bavaria, founded in 1444 or 1445 by Gerhard V, Duke of Jülich, in commemoration of a victory gained on St. Hubert's day (3 Nov.); some, however, date the establishment as late as 1473 and 1475.

A French Lazarist missionary and traveller; born at Caylus (Tarn-et-Garonne), 1 June, 1813; died at Paris, 26 March, 1860.

A Benedictine monk; born in 840; died in 930 or 932.

Monk of the Order of St. Benedict; b. at Farington Hall, Lancashire, 15 April, 1608; exact date of death unknown; buried at London, 13 September, 1698.

Also known as James Thompson. Martyr, born in or near York; having nearly all his life in that city, died there, 28 November, 1582.

A Franciscan historian and theologian, born at Neustadt on the Danube; died 12 Feb., 1706, at Munich.

An Austrian statesman, born 26 Nov., 1811; died 30 July, 1892.

An historian and jurist; born 24 March, 1830, at Münster in Westphalia; died at Bonn, 15 March, 1905.

Founded by Alfonso VIII at the instance of his consort, Doña Leonor of England, about the year 1180.

A poetess; born at Schloss Hülshoff near Münster in Westphalia, 10 January, 1797; died 24 May, 1848.

Diocese embracing parts of the province of Huesca in north-eastern Spain, seven parishes in the Broto valley and three within the limits of the Archdiocese of Saragossa, one parish being situated in the city of Saragossa itself.

A distinguished savant and celebrated French bishop; born 8 February, 1630, at Caen (Normandy), where his father, a convert from Calvinism, was sheriff; died at Paris, 26 January, 1721.

A German Catholic exegete, b. at Constance, 1 June, 1765; d. at Freiburg im Br., 11 March, 1846.

King of France, founder of the Capetian dynasty, b. about the middle of the tenth century; d. about 996, probably 24 October.

English martyr; b. probably at Faringdon, Berkshire, date unknown; d. at Reading, 15 November, 1539.

Friar Minor and ascetical writer; b. at Digne, south-east France, date uncertain; d. at Marseilles about 1285.

Benedictine monk and historian; b. about 1064, probably at Verdun (Lorraine); d. before the middle of the twelfth century.

Benedictine monk and ecclesiastical writer; d. not before 1118.

Augustinian and later a Carthusian, d. 1200, canonized 1220.

Cardinal, born of a noble family, probably in Lorraine, died soon after 1098.

Dominican cardinal. (1200-1263)

Medieval philosopher, theologian, and mystical writer; b. 1096, at the manor of Hartingham in Saxony; d. 11 March, 1141.

Theologian, flourished during the latter half of the thirteenth century.

Abbot of Cluny. (1024-1109)

English martyr. (1246-1255)

Fourth bishop and first Archbishop of New York, born at Annaloghan, Co. Tyrone, Ireland, 24 June, 1797 of Patrick Hughes and Margaret McKenna: died in New York, 3 January, 1864.

Historiographer of the Norbertine Order. (1667-1739)

Italian canonist, b. at Pisa, date unknown; d. in 1210.

A name by which the French Protestants are often designated.

A prelate, writer, orator; born at Paris, 10 Oct., 1841; died there, 6 Nov., 1896.

St. Thomas and the scholastics in general regard only the free and deliberate acts of the will as human.

The name given to the intellectual, literary, and scientific movement of the fourteenth to the sixteenth centuries, which aimed at basing every branch of learning on the literature and culture of classical antiquity.

Fifth Dominican master general. (1194-1277)

The name given to a cloth of rectangular shape about 8 ft. long and 1 1/2 ft. wide.

A penitential order dating back, according to some authorities, to the beginning of the eleventh, but more probably to the beginning of the twelfth century, to the reign of Emperor Henry V, who, after quelling a rebellion in Lombardy, led the principal nobles of the cities implicated back to Germany as captives.

The word humility signifies lowliness or submissiveness an it is derived from the Latin humilitas or, as St. Thomas says, from humus, i.e. the earth which is beneath us.

English Carthusian martyr, date of birth uncertain; d. at Tyburn, London, 19 June, 1535.

Layman and martyr, born in Hampshire, England, 1571; died at Winchester, 1591.

Information about immigrants from this country.

History from the pre-Reformation period to the modern period.

History of the country.

The most popular German preacher of the early part of the eighteenth century, b. 31 March, 1691, at Siegen; d. 12 September, 1746, at Trier.

An English martyr (March, 1601).

English Jesuit priest and educator; b. at Bath, 13 Sept., 1829; d. at Stonyhurst, 20 June, 1896.

From early times, hunting, in one form or another has been forbidden to clerics.

Clergyman, novelist; born 20 January, 1815, in New York City; died 10 March, 1862, at Pau, France.

Governor of Hungary, born about 1400; died 11 August, 1456.

If language may be taken as a fair criterion to go by, the Hurons proper were the original stock from which sprang all the branches of the great Iroquoian family, whether included in the primitive federation of the Five Nations, or standing apart territorially, within historical times, as did the Tuskaroras, the Cherokees, and the Andastes.

Layman and martyr, b. probably at Broughton, near Preston, Lancashire, England, date unknown; d. at Lancaster, 29 August, 1628.

A Spanish Jesuit and theologian, b. at Mondejar, New Castle, in 1575; d. at Alcalá, 5 August, 1647.

Several members of this family detailed.

Born at Husinetz in Southern Bohemia, 1369; died at Constance 6 July, 1415.

Writer and editor, born at Bristol, 30 May, 1796; died at Cossey, Norfolk, 31 October, 1872.

Bishop of Waterford and Lismore, b. at Ballybogan, Co. Meath, in 1746; d. at Tramore, Co. Waterford, 11 July, 1803.

The followers of Jan Hus did not of themselves assume the name of Hussites. Like Hus, they believed their creed to be truly Catholic; in papal and conciliar documents they appear as Wycliffites, although Hus and even Jerome of Prague are also named as their leaders.

Priest, b. at Holbeck, Leeds, Yorkshire, England, 29 June, 1811; d. at Ratcliffe, Leicestershire, England, 2 Sept., 1880.

French novelist. (1848-1907)

Roman martyrs.

Dominican, called the Apostle of the North, son of Eustachius Konski of the noble family of Odrowacz; born 1185 at the castle of Lanka, at Kamin, in Silesia, Poland (now Prussia); died 15 August, 1257.

Third-Order Franciscan and foundress of the Sacconi. (1585-1640)

Chronicler and bishop. (d. 468)

Hyderabad, also called Bhagnagar, and Fakhunda Bunyad, capital of the Nizam's dominions, was founded in 1589, by Mohammed Kuli, King of Golconda.

Greek by birth, the successor of Pope Telesphorus. Died in about 142.

The doctrine according to which all matter possesses life.

A derivative of the Latin hymnus, which comes from the Greek hymnos, derived from hydein, to sing.

Hymnody means exactly "hymn song", but as the hymn-singer as well as the hymn-poet are included under (hymnodos), so we also include under hymnody the hymnal verse or religious lyric. Hymnology is the science of hymnody or the historico-philogical investigation and aesthetic estimation of hymns and hymn writers.

The nervous sleep, induced by artificial and external means, which has been made the subject of experiment and methodical study by men of science, physicians or physiologists.

The pretension to qualities which one does not possess, or, more cognately to the scope of this article, the putting forward of a false appearance of virtue or religion.

A theological term used with reference to the Incarnation to express the revealed truth that in Christ one person subsists in two natures, the Divine and the human.

A distinct Jewish-pagan sect which flourished from about 200 B.C. to about A.D. 400, mostly in Asia Minor (Cappadocia Bithynia, Pontus) and on the South Russian coasts of the Euxine Sea.

Titular see of Asia Minor.

Austrian anatomist, b. at Eisenstadt in Hungary, December 7, 1810; d. 17 July, 1894, on his estate near Vienna.

A plant which is referred to in a few passages of Holy Writ, and which cannot be identified with certainty at the present day.