Anglo-Saxon God; German Gott; akin to Persian khoda; Hindu khooda.

A titular see of Syria Prima.

The Aramaic appellation of a place in Jerusalem, designated also under the Greek name of Lithostrotos.

Formerly called the Vicariate Apostolic of the Two Guineas.

(Catholic Encyclopedia)

Pasionist student; renowned for sanctity and miracles; born at Assisi, 1 March, 1838; died 27 February, 1862.

A learned Maronite, famous for his share in the publication of the Parisian polyglot of the Bible; b. 1577, at Edden on the Lebanon; d. 1648.

One of the three archangels mentioned in the Bible.

Originally founded by St. Louis Grignon de Montfort in 1705, but it did not spread much till it was amalgamated with one founded in 1835 by Monsignor Deshayes. Vicar-General of Rennes.

A proper name which designates in the Bible, (I), a patriarch; (II), a tribe of Israel; (III), a prophet; (IV), a pagan deity.

A titular see of Palaestina Prima; there were two sees of this name, one in Palaestina Prima, the other in Palaestina Secunda.

Florentine artists, Taddeo being the father of Agnolo and Giovanni.

Archdiocese in the province of Caserta in Campania (Southern Italy).

Founder of the Theatines, born October, 1480 at Vicenza in Venetian territory; died at Naples in 1547.

Of the Russian family which traces its origin to the ancient rulers of Starodub; born at Moscow, 1 August, 1814; died at Paris, 19 July, 1882.

Ascetic writer and spiritual director; born at Padua, Italy, in 1537; died at Modena, 6 July, 1607.

A priest and author; born 5 June, 1732, in the parish of St. Nicholas, Dublin; died there, 6 December, 1804.

French engraver and painter; b. at Paris, 7 Jan., 1834; d. there, 27 Jan., 1887.

Of the ninety-eight bishops who have occupied the see of Clermont-Ferrand (Auvergne) the sixteenth and twenty-third bore the name of Gal, and both are numbered among the twenty-nine bishops of this church who are honoured as saints.

Founder of the Congregation of Christian Doctrine of Florence; b. at Florence of obscure parentage, 12 October. 1565; d. 20 March, 1619.

St. Paul addresses his letter to the churches of Galatia (Gal., i, 2) and calls them Galatians (Gal, iii, 1); and in I Cor., vi, 1, he speaks of the collections which he ordered to be made in the churches of Galatia.

Friar Minor, philosopher, theologian, Orientalist; b. at Galatia (now Cajazzo) in Apulia; d. at Rome, soon after 1539.

Galerius, a native of Illyria, was made Caesar 1 March, 293, by Diocletian, whose daughter Valeria he married and who in turn adopted her husband.

Dominican, professor of philosophy and theology at the University of Avignon, meteorologist, physicist, and writer on aeronautics; b. 1699.

The native land of Jesus Christ, where He began His ministry and performed many of His works, and whence He drew His Apostles.

An eminent Florentine architect; born 1691; died 1737.

Although in the popular mind Galileo is remembered chiefly as an astronomer, it was not in this character that he made really substantial contributions to human knowledge, but rather in the field of mechanics, and especially of dynamics, which science may be said to owe its existence to him.

Princess, religious of the Sacred Heart; born at St. Petersburg, 22 February, 1797; died in Louisiana, 8 December, 1843.

In Switzerland, Canton St. Gall, 30 miles southeast of Constance; for many centuries one of the chief Benedictine abbeys in Europe; founded about 613, and named after Gallus, an Irishman, the disciple and companion of St. Columbanus in his exile from Luxeuil.

An Irishman by birth, one of the twelve disciples who accompanied St. Columbanus to Gaul, and established themselves with him at Luxeuil.

Vicariate Apostolic embracing the territory of the Galla or Oromo tribes in Abyssinia.

A Roman widow of the sixth century; feast, 5 October.

Flemish painter; born at Tournai, 10 May, 1810; died in Brussels, 20 November, 1887.

French Orientalist and numismatist, b. at Rollot, near Montdidier, in Picardy, 1646, d. at Paris, 1715.

Oratorian and patristic scholar, born at Venice, 7 December, 1709; died there 12 January, 1779, or 1780.

Diocese in Ceylon, created by Leo XIII 25 Aug., 1893.

Priest and poet; born at Zamora, Spain, 14 December, 1777; died at Madrid, 9 January, 1853.

Benedictine, historian and archaeologist; b. at Rome in 1724; d. there, 13 December, 1790.

A documentary catalogue or list, with brief historical notices, of all the dioceses and abbeys of France from the earliest times, also of their occupants.

The rite which prevailed in Gaul until about the middle or end of the eighth century.

This term is used to designate a certain group of religious opinions for some time peculiar to the Church of France, or Gallican Church, and the theological schools of that country.

Three saints by this name commemorated on 25 June.

Roman emperor; b. about 218; d. at Milan, 4 March, 268.

French Jesuit. (1663-1749)

Diocese in the province of Lecce (Southern Italy).

Princess; b. at Berlin, 28 Aug., 1748; d. at Angelmodde, near Münster, Westphalia, 17 April, 1806.

Prince, priest, and missionary. (1770-1840)

Situated in the southwest of Scotland.

Philosopher, b. at Tropea, in Calabria, 2 April, 1770; d. at Naples, 13 Dec., 1846, where from 1831 he was a professor in the university.

Famous London priest. (1820-1906)

Diocese in the province of Sassari (Sardinia), suffragan of Caglari.

Prince-Bishop of Brixen; b. 21 August, 1764, at Herbolzheim, Bresigau; d. 17 May, 1856.

Physician, b. at Bologna, Italy, 9 September, 1737; d. there, 4 December, 1798.

The Diocese of Galveston was established in 1847 and comprises that part of the State of Texas, U.S.A., between the Sabine River on the east, the Colorado River on the west, the Gulf of Mexico on the south, and the northern line of the counties of Lampasas, Coryell, McLennan, Limestone, Freestone, Anderson, Cherokee, Nacogdoches, and Shelby on the north.

Diocese in Ireland; an amalgamation of two distinct ancient sees.

The discover of the sea route to East Indies; born at Sines, Province of Alemtejo, Portugal, about 1469; died at Cochin, India, 24 December, 1524.

Famous Pharisee and Rabbi.

Priest and missionary. (1606-1684)

The staking of money or other thing of value on the issue of a game of chance.

Ecclesiastical historian. (1816-1892)

Jesuit preacher; b. in London, 26 July, 1779; d. at East Sheen, Surrey, 9 July, 1821.

A titular see in the province of Paphlagonia.

A fifteenth-century Dutch theologian, born at Gröningen in 1420; died there on 4 Oct., 1489.

Diocese; suffragan of Aix, includes the department of the Hautes-Alpes.

Ecuadorean patriot and statesman; b. at Guayaquil, 24 December, 1821; assassinated at Quito, 6 August, 1875.

Better known as Venerable Anne of St. Bartholomew, Discalced Carmelite nun, companion of St. Teresa; b. at Almendral, Old Castile, 1 Oct. 1550; d. at Antwerp, 7 June, 1626.

Born of a Portuguese father and a Canarese mother in Bassein, East India, about the year 1556 or 1557; d. 5 Feb., 1597.

Historian of Peru. (1539-1617)

Spanish poet. (1503-1536)

Born at Rome, 4 Aug., 1759; died there, 8 Oct., 1829, famous chiefly for his collection of the decrees of the Congregation of Rites.

Soldier; born 26 April, 1821, near Havana, Cuba; killed at the battle of Stone River, Tennessee, U.S.A., 31 December, 1862.

Benedictine of the Congregation of Saint-Maur, born at Havre about 1627; died at Jumieges, 24 September, 1694.

A titular see in the province of Asia, suffragan of Ephesus.

An Oblate missionary and parish priest. (1822-1895)

A wreath of flowers or evergreens formerly used in connection with baptismal, nuptial, and funeral rites, as well as in solemn processions.

English poet and grammarian, who lived in the middle of the thirteenth century.

Priest and martyr, born at Dinting, Derbyshire, c. 1555; died at Derby, 24 July, 1588.

French Canadian historian. (1809-1866)

English martyr, b. 1553-4; d. 1606.

Protomartyr of St. Omer and therefore of Stonyhurst College. (1575-1608)

Jesuit Missionary, born at Paris, 1606, of Jean G. and Anne de Garault; died 7 December, 1649.

Church historian, patristic scholar, and moral theologian; b. at Paris, 11 Nov., 1612; d. at Bologna, 26 Nov., 1681.

Jesuit missionary, born at Connerai, France, 6 January, 1642; d. in Quebec, 1730.

A historian of Christian art, b. at Naples, 22 January, 1812; d. at Rome, 5 May, 1885.

Suffragan diocese of Popayan in the Republic of Colombia.

Founder of the Missionaries of the Most Precious Blood.

French Canadian writer, b. at Quebec, 30 Oct., 1786, of a family ennobled by Louis XIV in 1693, d. 29 Jan., 1871.

French philosopher and scientist. (1592-1655)

Austrian sculptor, b. 22 Nov., 1816 at Prägraten, Tyrol; d. 28 Oct., 1900.

A celebrated exorcist; b. 22 Aug., 1727, at Braz, Vorarlberg, Austria; d. 4 April, 1779.

Jurist: b. at Newbern, North Carolina, U.S.A., 19 Sept., 1778: d. at Raleigh, North Carolina, 28 January 1844.

Founder and bishop of Tours; b. probably at Rome; d. at Tours, 20 December, 301.

Architect and archæologist, b. at Cologne, 15 June, 1790; d. at Paris, January, 1854.

French Jesuit and missionary to China, b. at Gaillac (Aveyron), 14 July, 1689; d. at Peking, 24 July, 1759.

A theologian of the Order of Friars Minor Capuchins; b. at Brescia in 1612; d. at Oriano, 25 March, 1672.

Bishop of Brescia. (387-410)

The third Sunday of Advent, so called from the first word of the Introit at Mass (Gaudete, i.e. Rejoice).

A writer on asectic theology; b. at Château-Thierry, France, 7 January, 1572; d. at Paris, 14 April, 1622.

Bishop of Tarazona (Turiasso), Spain; died about 540.

The Church of Gaul first appeared in history in connexion with the persecution at Lyons under Marcus Aurelius (177).

Priest and schoolmaster; b. at Asti, Piedmont, about 1745; d. at Paris, 18 Sept., 1818.

French theologian and author, b. at Fuans (Franche-Comté) in 1802; d. in 1879.

Liturgist, a member of the Barnabite Order; b. at Monza, 1569; d. at Milan, 14 August, 1638.

A titular see of Palaestina Prima, in the Patriarchate of Jerusalem.

A theologian, b. at Bergamo, Italy, 3 March, 1722; d. at Vicenza, 11 Dec., 1799.

Bishop of that city and strenuous defender of papal rights against imperial encroachments during the Investitures conflict; b. about 1040; d. 12 November, 1110.

French professor and writer, b. 19 July, 1839, at Nancy; d. 22 April, 1908.

Or Gideon, one of the Greater Judges of Israel. He belonged to the tribe of Manasses, and to the family of Abiezer.

A French translator and literary critic; b. at Orleans, 17 June, 1667; d. 10 August, 1744.

An accomplished German historical and portrait painter, b. 6 March, 1800, at Wangen, Würtemberg; d. 31 January, 1876, at Rome.

A celebrated German pulpit orator, b. at Schaffhausen, Switzerland, 16 March, 1445; d. at Strasburg, 10 March, 1510.

Cardinal, Archbishop of Cologne, b. 5 February, 1796, at Gimmeldingen, in the Palatinate; d. 8 September, 1864, at Cologne.

Reigned 492-496.

Reigned 1118-1119.

Ecclesiastical writer, son of a priest of Cyzicus, and wrote in Bithynia, about 475, to prove against the Eutychians, that the Nicene Fathers did not teach Monophysitism.

A suppressed Benedictine monastery on the river Orneau in Belgium, founded c. 945 by St. Guibert (Wibert) and dedicated to St. Peter the Apostle and the holy martyr Exuperius.

The word genealogy occurs only twice in the New Testament: I Tim., i, 4, and Tit., iii, 9. In these passages commentators explain the word as referring to the Gentile theogonies, or to the Essene generation of angels, or to the emanation of spirits and aeons as conceived by the Gnostics, or to the genealogies of Jesus Christ, or finally to the genealogies of the Old Testament construed into a source of an occult doctrine.

Offers the genealogy according to Saint Matthew and Saint Luke.

Benedictine exegete and Orientalist, b. 12 December, 1535, at Riom, in the department of Puy-de-Dôme; d. 16 Feb., 1597.

The daily assembling of a community for purposes of discipline and administration of monastic affairs has always included the reading of a chapter of the rule, and thus the assembly itself came to be called the chapter and the place of meeting the chapter-house.

To it the prophets of the Old Testament refer when they speak of the "Day of the Lord" (Joel 2:31; Ezekiel 13:5; Isaiah 2:12), in which the nations will be summoned to judgment. In the New Testament the second Parusia, or coming of Christ as Judge of the world, is an oft-repeated doctrine.

Definitions include: a definite period of time, with a special reference to the average length of man's life; an indefinite period of time, of time past; the men who lived in the same period of time who were contemporaries; a race or class of men; and a dwelling place or habitation.

This is the name given to the Lake of Tiberias in Luke 5:1.

Five people with this name including: Genesius of Rome; Genesius of Arles; Genesius, Bishop of Clermont; Genesius Count of Clermont; and Genesius of Lyons.

Patroness of Paris. (419-512)

By this name is designated in Mark, vi, 53, a district of Palestine bordering on the Sea of Galilee, and which in the parallel passage of Matthew (xiv, 34) is called "the country of Genesar".

A painter, born at Urbino in 1476; died at the same place, 1551.

Moral theologian, b. at Antwerp, Belgium, 18 June, 1856; d. at Louvain, 21 February, 1900.

Patriarch of Constantinople (458-471).

His original name was George Scholarius. Born about 1400, was first a teacher of philosophy and then judge in the civil courts under the Emperor John VIII.

A priest whose chief title to fame is his continuation of St. Jerome's catalogue "De Viris illustribus".

The first, a martyr for the Catholic Faith, and the second, the restorer of the English province of Franciscan friars, were brothers and converts to the Church.

Archdiocese in Liguria, Northern Italy.

Italian painter; b. probably about 1378 in the District of the Marches; d. probably 1427.

In the English versions of both Testaments it collectively designates the nations distinct from the Jewish people.

Proficient in poetry, displayed considerable musical aptitude, had a taste for mechanical and electrical science and was devoted to the cultivation of modern languages, applying himself more particularly to the study of English. (1801-1848)

To genuflect, to bend the knee.

A disciple of Bernard, was b. between the years 1115 and 1120, at Auxerre; d. some time after the year 1188.

Abbot of St. Alban's, d. at St. Alban's, 26 Feb., 1146.

Abbot of St. Alban's, d. at St. Alban's, 26 Feb., 1146.

A cardinal, b. in the second half of the eleventh century of a noble family, at Angers, France; d. there, 26 March, 1132.

Explains the nature of this science and the course of its evolution.

With the exception of the didactic literature, there is no book in the Bible which, to a greater or less extent, does not contain mention of, or allusions to, the geography and topography of the Holy Land.

A monk at Constantinople under Michael III (842-867) and the author of a chronicle of some importance.

(Catholic Encyclopedia)

A Greek scholar of the early Italian Renaissance; b. in Crete (a Venetian possession from 1206-1669), 1395; d. in Rome, 1486.

A Byzantine poet who lived in the first half of the seventh century.

Duke of Saxony, b. at Dresden, 27 August, 1471; d. in the same city, 17 April, 1539.

Knights of St. George appear at different historical periods and in different countries as mutually independent bodies having nothing in common but the veneration of St. George, the patron of knighthood.

Martyr, patron of England, suffered at or near Lydda, also known as Diospolis, in Palestine, probably before the time of Constantine.

Founded immediately after the Revolutionary War, by the incorporated Catholic Clergy of Maryland, who selected from their Body Trustees, and invested them with full power to choose a President and appoint Professors. Since the year 1805, it has been under the direction of Society of Jesus".

The largest of the original thirteen United States; bounded on the north by Tennessee and North Carolina, on the east by the Savannah River and the Atlantic Ocean, on the south by Florida, and on the west by Florida and Alabama.

The author of one of the more important medieval Byzantine chronicles, died after 810.

Diocese in the province of Reggio in Calabria (Southern Italy).

Bishop of Mayo, an English monk, date of birth unknown; died 13 March, 731.

Diocese in Australia, established in 1898, suffragan of Adelaide.

In religion, Brother Mary Joseph; Abbot and procurator-general of La Trappe, came of a noble and ancient family in Hungary; b. in Lyons, 14 Jan., 1772; d. at Rome, 15 March, 1848.

French statesman and writer, born at Lyons, 29 February, 1772; died at Paris, 10 November, 1842.

Born in Muro, in April, 1726; died 16 October, 1755; beatified by Leo XIII, 29 January, 1893, and canonized by Pius X, 11 December, 1904.

A twelfth-century student of Arabic science and translator from Arabic into Latin; born at Cremona, in 1114; died in 1187.

Priest, born at Staves in the county of Namur, towards the end of the ninth century; died at Brogne or St-Gérard, 3 Oct. 959.

Date of birth unknown; died at Southwell, 21 May, 1108.

Born at Cologne, 935; died at Toul, 23 April, 994.

Martyr; born about 1550 at Wigan; executed at Rochester 13 (30?) April, 1590.

Jesuit; born 4 October, 1564; died 27 July, 1637.

Confessor; born about 1635; died 11 March, 1680.

Also Geraldus Othonis, or Ottonis, a medieval theologian and Minister General of the Franciscan Order; born probably at Châteauroux, in the present department of Indre, France, date unknown; died at Catania, Sicily, 1348.

A titular see in the province of Arabia and the Patriarchate of Antioch.

A Benedictine of the Maurist Congregation. (1628-1711)

A French bishop and writer; b. at Poligny (Jura), 1798; d. at Perpignan (Pyrénées Orientales), 1864.

French missionary; born at Verdun, 4 June, 1654; died at Peking, China, 27 March, 1707.

Cardinal and theologian; b. at Samoëns in Savoy, 20 June, 1718; d. at Rome, 12 August 1802.

Born at Zütphen, 1367; died at Windesheim, 1398; a mystical writer and one of the first of the Brothers of the Common Life, founded by Gerhard Groote and Florentius Radewyn at Deventer, in the Netherlands.

Provost of that place and Austin canon, one of the most distinguished theologians of Germany in the twelfth century, b. at Polling, Bavaria, 1093; d. at Reichersberg, 27 June, 1169.

Bishop of Auxerre, born at Auxerre c. 380; died at Ravenna, 31 July, 448.

Bishop of Paris; born near Autun, Saône-et-Loire, c. 496; died at Paris, 28 May, 576.

Feast is kept in the Diocese of Toulouse on 15 June.

Last martyr under Henry VIII; date of birth unknown; died at Tyburn, 7 March, 1544.

History starting with the pre-Christian period to 800 A.D.

A titular see in the province of Euphratensis and the patriarchate of Antioch; incorrectly called Germaniciana and located in Byzacene, Africa.

A titular see in the province of Isauria, suffragan of Seleucia.

Includes all German-speaking people, whether originally from Germany proper, Austria, Switzerland, or Luxemburg.

Patriarch of Constantinople. (d. 733)

History divided by time periods, beginning with before 1556.

Its jurisdiction covers the Grand Duchies of Mecklenburg-Schwerin and Meeklenburg-Strelitz, the Principality of Schaumburg-Lippe, the free Hanse towns, Hamburg, Lübeck, and Bremen, the Principality of Lübeck (capital Eutin), belonging to the Grand Duchy of Oldenburg, and the Island of Helgoland.

A titular see of Galatia Secunda, a suffragan of Pessinus; mentioned by Hierocles in the sixth century.

The Diocese of Geronia in Catalonia, Spain, suffragan of Tarragona, is bounded on the north by the Pyrenees, on the south and east by the Mediterranean, and on the west by the dioceses of Barcelona and Vich.

A titular see in the province of Augustamnica Prima, suffragan of Pelusium in the Patriarchate of Alexandria.

The surname being the name of his native place, b. in the hamlet of Gerson 14 December, 1363; d. at Lyons, 12 July, 1429.

Abbess of the Premonstratensian convent of Aldenberg, near Wetzlar, in the Diocese of Trier; born about 1227, died 13 August, 1297.

Cistercian Abbess of Helfta, near Eisleben; born near Halberstadt in 1232; died towards the end of 1292.

Virgin, and Abbess of the Benedictine monastery of Nivelles; born in 626; died 17 March, 659.

Benedictine and mystic writer; born in Germany, 6 Jan., 1256; died at Helfta, near Eisleben, Saxony, 17 November, 1301 or 1302.

Beguine; born at Voorburch, Holland; died at Delft, 6 Jan., 1358.

Discalced Carmelite, b. at Paris, 1660; d. at Reclus, France, 1761.

English chronicler, b. about 1141; d. in, or soon after, 1210.

Medieval writer, b. probably at Tilbury, in the County of Essex, England, about 1150; d. at Arlington, about 1220.

Priest and martyr, born at Boscham, Suffolk, England, 1571; died at Tyburn, 11 April, 1608.

Second-century Milanese martyrs.

Bishop. (d. 623)

German Catholic societies for the religious, moral, and professional improvement of young men.

Title adopted by Guibert de Nogent (died about 1124) for his history of the First Crusade.

A medieval collection of anecdotes, to which moral reflections are attached.

The place in which Jesus Christ suffered the Agony and was taken prisoner by the Jews.

An abbey of the Order of Reformed Cistercians, commonly called Trappists, established in 1848 in Nelson Co., Kentucky, in the Diocese of Louisville, being the first abbey on American soil.

Seat of two Catholic residential sees, one Chaldean, the other Syrian.

German historian; b. at Calw, Würtemberg, 5 March, 1803; d. at Karlsbad, 6 July, 1861.

Prefecture Apostolic in the French Sahara, separated in 1901 from the Vicariate Apostolic of Sahara and the Soudan.

Comprises the whole territory of East Flanders, one of the nine provinces of Belgium.

Names adopted by the two factions that kept Italy divided and devastated by civil war during the greater part of the later Middle Ages.

Sculptor; b. at Florence about 1381; d. there, December, 1455.

Florentine painter; b. 1449; d. 11 Jan., 1494.

Confessor and anchorite in Belgium; b. in the first half of the seventh century.

The principal ceremonial rite of an Indian religion which originated about 1887 with Wovoka, alias jack Wilson, an Indian of the Piute tribe in Nevada.

Italian historian, born 7 May, 1676, at Ischitella in the province of Capinata, Naples; died at Turin, 27 March, 1748.

A Maronite residential see.

Missionary, b. at Montreal, Canada, 1737; d. at New Madrid, about 1804.

Jesuit theologian and controversialist; b. 1544, at or near Wells, Somersetshire; died 16 Aug. or 3 Dec., 1589.

Brother of Father John Gibbons, born at Winchester, 1550 or 1549; died at Douai, 23 June, 1632.

Cardinal, and Bishop of Verona, the natural son of Francesco Giberti, a Genoese naval captain, b. at Palermo in 1495; d. at Verona, 30 Dec., 1543.

Canonist; b. at Aix, Provence, in 1660; d. at Paris in 1736.

A rugged promontory in the province of Andalusia, Spain, about 6 miles in circumference. Its almost perpendicular walls rise to a height of 1396 feet.

Bishop, born at Wolverhampton, England, 1642; died at Hammersmith, Middlesex, 12 March, 1734

Bishop of Worcester, b. about 1235; d. 26 Jan., 1301.

Second Norman Bishop of Winchester from 1100 to 1129.

Archbishop of Reims; b. in Hampshire, 1554; d. at Reims, 11 April, 1629.

The gift of miracles is one of those mentioned by St. Paul in his First Epistle to the Corinthians (xii, 9, 10), among the extraordinary graces of the Holy Ghost.

Something conferred on nature that is above all the powers (vires) of created nature.

A renowned cardinal, general, and statesman; b. about 1310 at Cuenca in New Castile; d. 23 Aug., 1367.

A Portuguese Dominican: b. at Vaozela, diocese of Viseu, about 1185; d. at Santarem, 14 May, 1265.

Bishop of Poitiers, philosopher, theologian and general scholar; b. at Poitiers in 1076; d. in 1154.

Bishop of London, b. early in the twelfth century.

Vicariate apostolic; comprises the group of that name, besides the islands of Ellice and Panapa.

Founder of the Order of Gilbertines, b. at Sempringham, on the border of the Lincolnshire fens, between Bourn and Heckington.

Poet, b. at Fontenoy-le-Château, 1751; d. at Paris, 12 November, 1780.

Irish archivist and historian, b. in Dublin, 23 January, 1829; d. there, 23 May, 1898.

Founded by St. Gilbert, about the year 1130, at Sempringham, Gilbert's native place, where he was then parish priest.

Surnamed the Wise; b. about 516; d. at Houat, Brittany, 570.

An Abbot, said to have been born of illustrious Athenian parentage about the middle of the seventh century.

In religion Mother Mary of St. Angela. Born in Washington county, Pennsylvania, 21 February, 1824; died at St. Mary's convent, Notre Dame, Indiana, 4 March, 1887.

Brother of the foregoing; b. in Washington county, Pa., 19 January 1831; d. at St. Mary's, Notre Dame, Indiana, 12 November, 1874.

Scottish bishop; b. at Montreal, Canada, 7 April, 1802; d. at Edinburgh, 24 February 1864.

A musician, born at Ballygar Galway, Ireland, 25 Dec., 1829; died at St. Louis, 24 Sept., 1892.

A titular see of Syria Prima, in the Patriarchate of Antioch.

A French bishop; b. at Montpellier (department of Herault) 3 Dec., 1806; d. there 17 Nov., 1875.

An Italian statesman and philosopher; b. at Turin, 5 April, 1801; d. at Paris, 26 October, 1852.

An Italian architect, antiquary, archaeologist, and classical scholar, b. in Verona, c. 1445; d. in Venice (?), c. 1525.

A composer, b. at Naples in 1738; d. at Dublin, Ireland, February 1806.

Neapolitan painter; b. at Naples, 1632; d. in the same place, 12 Jan., 1705.

Italian painter, b. at Castelfranco in or before 1477; d. in Venice in October or November, 1510.

A Florentine painter, and founder of the Italian school of painting, b. most probably, in the village of Vespignano near Florence; d. at Milan, 8 Jan., 1337.

Composer, b. at Velletri, near Rome, in 1560; d. at Rome, 7 January, 1625.

Cardinal, statesman, and writer. (1356-1420)

Italian dramatist and novelist; b. at Ferrara, Italy, 1504; d. there, 1573.

An Italian canonist; b. in 1692; d. in 1775.

Gerald de Barry, a distinguished writer, historian, and ecclesiastic of the early Middle Ages.

Known as Père Girard, a Swiss pedagogue, b. at Fribourg, 17 December, 1765; d. there, 6 March, 1850.

A noted sculptor of the reign of Louis XIV, b. at Troyes, France, 1630; d. at Paris, 1715.

A Provençal troubadour, b. about the middle of the twelfth century, at Excideuil in the Viscounty of Limoges.

A titular see in the province of African Tripoli.

The capital of a province in Sicily.

French rhetorician and critic; born at Cahors, 21 February, 1657; died at Montpellier, 21 February, 1731.

Canonized by Gregory XVI in 1839.

A famous architect and painter, the best-known of Raphael's pupils, and the unique representative of the so-called "Roman School"; b. at Rome in 1492; d. at Mantua in 1546.

A poet and patriot; b. 1809, at Monsumano near Pescia, Italy; d. 31 March, 1850.

(Catholic Encyclopedia)

Cardinal, scholar, and author, died 1713.

Benedictine chronicler; b. in Burgundy before 1000; d. at Cluny about 1050.

Consul at Rome during A.D. 91, with Trajan.

An ancient alphabet of the Slavic languages, also called in Russian bukvitsa.

Priest, hebraist, and Biblical scholar; b. at Bordeaux, 1 April, 1798; d. at Issy, near Paris, 25 Feb., 1879.

Chief Justiciar of England; b. at Stratford, Suffolk, England, date unknown; d. before Acre, Palestine, 1190.

Swiss humanist, poet, philosopher, geographer, mathematician, and musician, born at Mollis, near Glarus, Switzerland, in June, 1488, and died at Freiburg-im-Breisgau, 27 March, 1563.

Archdiocese in the south-west of Scotland.

Benedictine monastery, Somersetshire, England, pre-eminently the centre of early Christian tradition in England.

Originally signified, in common law, any farm, estate, or parcel of land, and the word is so used in the Theodosian Code. But in ecclesiastical law it has become the technical term for land permanently assigned for the maintenance of the incumbent of a parish, and is the oldest form of parochial endowment.

Founded by St. Kevin.

The great doxology (hymnus angelicus) in the Mass is a version of a very old Greek form". It begins with the words sung by the angels at Christ's birth (Luke, ii, 14). To this verse others were added very early, forming a doxology.

A hymn composed by St. Theodulph of Orléans in 810.

In the English version of the Bible the word Glory, one of the commonest in the Scripture, is used to translate several Hebrew terms in the Old Testament, and the Greek doxa in the New Testament. Sometimes the Catholic versions employ brightness, where others use glory.

The doxology in the form in which we know it has been used since about the seventh century all over Western Christendom, except in one corner.

To gloss is to interpret or explain a text by taking up its words one after another. A glossary is therefore a collection of words about which observations and notes have been gathered, and a glossarist is one who thus explains or illustrates given texts.

The word gloss designates not only marginal notes, but also words or remarks inserted for various reasons in the very text of the Scriptures.

A supernatural gift of the class gratiae gratis datae, designed to aid in the outer development of the primitive Church.

Liturgical gloves are a liturgical adornment reserved for bishops and cardinals.

The excessive indulgence in food and drink.

Archdiocese in the Kingdom of Prussia.

The doctrine of salvation by knowledge.

Archdiocese in India.

The most northern portion of South America is a peninsula running into the Caribbean Sea.

Dominican and hellenist. (1601-1653)

Anchorite of Aquitaine. (585-649)

Moral theologian; born at Charmoilles, in the Diocese of Basil, now in the Department of the Doubs, France, 1 July, 1600; died 23 March, 1679.

Regarded in traditional lore as the greatest Irish architect of the seventh century, and popularly canonized as St. Gobban; b. at Turvey, near Malahide, Co. Dublin, about 560.

Westphalian known as an historian and an ardent reformer of monastic life in his native land. (1358-1421)

Links to five articles about the subject.

The arguments for God's existence are variously classified and entitled by different writers, but all agree in recognizing the distinction between a priori, or deductive, and a posteriori, or inductive reasoning in this connection.

Covered as natural reason and faith.

Sections include essential dependence of the universe on God, divine immanence and transcendence, and possibility of the supernatural.

The Blessed Trinity. The term employed to signify the central doctrine of the Christian religion, the truth that in the unity of the Godhead there are three persons, the Father, the Son, and the Holy Spirit, these three persons being truly distinct one from another.

Bishop of Hildesheim in Lower Saxony; born about the year 960.

True name Tylden. Born at Addington, Kent, 1624; died in London, 1 Dec., 1688.

Bishop, poet and exegete; b. at Dreux in the diocese of Chartres, 1605; d. at Vence, 21 April, 1672.

Born about the year 640, at Boves, a few leagues from Amiens, in France; died about the beginning of the eighth century, at Noyon (Oise), the ancient Noviomagus.

Physically and psychologically abused by her husband Bertolf and mother-in-law, until finally she was murdered at Bertolf's orders in 1070.

Bishop of Chartres, France; b. at Talcy, near Blois, 1647; d. at Chartres, 1709.

Anglican Bishop of Gloucester. (1582-3-1656)

Duke of Lower Lorraine and first King of Jerusalem, son of Eustache II, Count of Boulogne, and of Ida, daughter of Godfrey the Bearded, Duke of Lower Lorraine; b. probably at Boulogne-sur-Mer, 1060; d. at Jerusalem, 18 July, 1100.

A scholastic philosopher and theologian; born near Liège within the first half of the thirteenth century.

German writer of the twelfth century.

Mystical theologian. (1591-1644)

The name of two Abbots of Croyland.

Second superior-general of the Society of the Sacred Heart, daughter of Joseph Goetz of Strasburg and Marie Anne Wagner; b. 7 March, 1817; d. 4 January, 1874.

Oratorian; b. 1605; d. at Paris, Christmas Day, 1681.

Priest and writer. Born at Cologne, or according to some, at Broich, 6 December, 1648; died 11 August, 1719.

Names, respectively, of a king and of his supposed kingdom, mentioned several times in chapters 38 and 39 of the Book of Ezechiel, and once in the Apocalypse (20:7).

A fundamental law of the Holy Roman Empire; probably the best known of all the many ordinances of the imperial diet.

An object of worship among the Hebrews, mention of which occurs principally in Ex., xxxii, where the story of the molten calf of Aaron is narrated, and in III Kings, xii (cf. II Par., xi), in connection with the policy of Jeroboam after the schism of the ten tribes.

A precious and sacred ornament made of pure gold by skilled artificers, which the popes have been accustomed for centuries to bless each year, and occasionally confer upon illustrious churches and sanctuaries as a token of special reverence and devotion, upon Catholic kings or queens, princes or princesses, renowned generals or other distinguished personages, upon governments or cities conspicuous for their Catholic spirit and loyalty to the Holy See, as a mark of esteem and paternal affection.

Dramatist; b. at Venice, 25 Feb., 1707; d. at Paris, 6 Jan., 1793.

Bishop of St. Asaph, the last survivor of the ancient hierarchy of England; b. between 1501 and 1515; d. in Rome, 3 April, 1585.

The place of the Crucifixion of Jesus Christ.

Chaplain to Cortés. (b. 1510)

Portuguese poet, dramatist, and novelist. (1827-1891)

The name of three saints, of whom one was Bishop of Tongres (Maestricht), the second Bishop of Metz, while the third is known as Gondulphus of Berry.

Theologian, b. about 1616 at Beziers, in the province of Languedoc; d. there 24 Jan., 1681.

Theologian, ascetical writer, and preacher; born at Soissons, 8 Sept., 1640; died at Paris, 28 Feb., 1715.

Cardinal; b. at Mantua, 23 November, 1505; d. 2 March, 1563.

Cardinal; b. at Mantua, 11 November, 1542; d. at San Martino, 11 January, 1593.

Theologian and thirteenth general of the Society of Jesus, b. at Arganda, Spain, 18 January, 1624; died at Rome, 27 October, 1705.

Dominican, cardinal, theologian, and philosopher. (1831-1894)

Spanish poet, active between 1220 and 1242.

The moral good (bonum honestum) consists in the due ordering of free action or conduct according to the norm of reason, the highest faculty, to which it is to conform.

A phrase employed to designate the mental and moral state of honest, even if objectively unfounded, conviction as to the truth or falsehood of a proposition or body of opinion, or as to the rectitude or depravity of a line of conduct.

The Friday on which the Church keeps the anniversary of the Crucifixion of Jesus Christ.

The Western vicariate and the Central prefecture, although different in name, are virtually one.

Established in 1847, when the Vicariate of the Cape of Good Hope was divided into Eastern and Western.

A congregation of Tertiaries Regular of St. Benedict, established 2 February, 1857, at Sydney, Australia.

The aim of this institute is to provide a shelter for girls and women of dissolute habits, who wish to do penance for their iniquities and to lead a truly christian life.

(1)Utilitarianism, when the highest good is identified with happiness; (2)Rational Deontologism, when the highest good is identified with virtue or duty; (3)Rational Eudæmonism, or tempered Deontologism, when both virtue and happiness are combined in the highest good.

Priest and martyr; born in the Diocese of Bangor, Wales, 1590; died 1642.

Cardinal, Archbishop of Michlin (Belgium), b. at Perck, near Vilvorde, 18 July, 1827; d. at Michlin, 25 January, 1906.

There were three Roman emperors of this name, who reigned between A.D. 237-44, and all of whom met with violent deaths.

Martyrs, suffered under Julian the Apostate, 362, commemorated on 10 May.

This agitation, so called from the head and spirit of the movement, Lord George Gordon, convulsed the metropolis of England from 2 June till 9 June, 1780.

Monk and physicist. (1712-1751)

A titular see in the province of Lydia, suffragan of Sardis.

Martyr. (d. 304)

Their beatification took place on 14 Nov., 1675, and their canonization on 29 June, 1865.

Historian, publicist, and poet; b. at Coblenz on 28 May, 1805; d. at Munich on 14 July, 1852.

Writer and professor of physics. (1776-1848)

A titular see, and in the Greek Church metropolitan see, of the Island of Crete.

Capital of the Austrian crown-land Görz and Gradiska.

Benedictine biographical writer. (d. 1099)

The word Gospel usually designates a written record of Christ's words and deeds.

From the very earliest times the public reading of parts of the Bible was an important element in the Liturgy inherited from the service of the Synagogue.

The Second Gospel, like the other two Synoptics, deals chiefly with the Galilean ministry of Christ, and the events of the last week at Jerusalem.

Bishop of Liverpool. (1814-1872)

Flemish painter; b. about 1472; d. at Middelburg about 1533.

Ecclesiastical author; b. at Rouen, France, 28 Sept., 1787; d. at Paris, 27 Nov., 1858.

Priest and controversialist; b. at Southampton, date unknown; d. at sea on a voyage to Lisbon, 2 October, 1704.

History of the style.

Middle High German epic poet.

Cardinal and theologian. (1664-1742)

A medieval theologian; b. about 800, d. after 866, probable 30 October, 868.

Martyr Prince of the Wends; d. at Lenzen on the Elbe, 7 June 1066.

A Benedictine abbey situated on a hill of the same name, south of Krems, in Lower Austria.

One of the six suffragan sees of the ecclesiastical province of Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.

French composer. (1818-1893)

Jesuit missionary; born 1607, in Anjou; martyred in New York State, 23 September, 1642.

French cardinal and theologian; b. at Montigny-les-Charlieu, a village of Franche-Comté, in 1792; d. at Reims in 1866.

The moral power of command, supported (when need be) by physical coercion, which the State exercises over its members.

Poet; born between 1327-1330, probably in Kent; died October, 1408.

Painter and etcher, b. in Fuendetodos, Aragon, Spain, 31 March, 1746; d. in Bordeaux, 16 April, 1828.

Co-extensive with the state of the same name, one of the twenty states which, with the Federal District, comprise the Republic of Brazil.

Comprises the island of Gozo in the Mediterranean Sea and the islet of Comino.

Italian author, born at Venice, 1720; died 1806.

Painter; b. at Florence, 1420; d. at Pisa 1497.

Founder of the Sylvestrines, b. of the noble family of the Gozzolini at Osimo, 1177; d. 26 Nov., 1267.

Leads to four articles on the subject.

One of the most ancient formulae of prayer at meals is found in a treatise of the fourth century, attributed without foundation to Saint Athanasius.

A supernatural gift of God to intellectual creatures (men, angels) for their eternal salvation.

These are concerned chiefly with the relation between grace and free will.

Treatise on this fundamental building block of Christianity.

Philanthropist and merchant, born at Cork, Ireland, 10 May, 1832; died at New York, 21 March, 1904.

In English often called Grail, is the oldest and most important of the four chants that make up the choir's part of the Proper of the Mass.

Fifteen psalms, namely Psalms 119-133.

Bishop; b. at Clifton-in-the-Fylde, Lancashire, 26 Jan., 1777; d. in London, 15 March, 1833.

The term in common usage among archaeologists to designate a class of rude inscriptions scratched on the walls of ancient monuments, generally sepulchral, as distinguised from the formal inscriptions engraved on the tombs of the deceased.

First Archbishop of St. Andrews and Metropolitan of Scotland, date of birth uncertain; d. 1478.

The name of a legendary sacred vessel, variously identified with the chalice of the Eucharist or the dish of the Pascal lamb, and the theme of a famous medieval cycle of romance.

Religious of the Society of the Sacred Heart; b. at Versailles, 17 September, 1788; d. at Paris, 19 November, 1846.

Located in Hungary.

Archdiocese in Spain, founded by St. Cecilius about the year 64, was made an archiepiscopal see by Alexander VI, 23 Jan., 1493.

The origin of this university is to be traced to the Arab school at Cordova, which, when the city was captured by St. Ferdinand in 1236, was removed to Granada and there continued.

Doctor of the Sorbonne, theologian, liturgist; b. near Chateaudun, about 1660; d. at Paris, 1 August, 1732.

Diocese created 12 May, 1882 out of the diocese of Detroit.

The mother-house of the Carthusian Order lies in a high valley of the Alps of Dauphine.

Known for his monumental labours on the Vatican Council.

Priest and historian, b. at Strasburg, Alsace, 9 Nov., 1752; d. at the Abbey of Luntzel (Lucelles), Sundgau, 11 Oct., 1787.

Abbey and Order in the department of Hte-Vienne, France.

First Bishop of Southwark; b. at Ligny-les-Aires, Arras, France, 25 Nov., 1816; d. at Rome, 1 June, 1870.

Named Archbishop of Mechlin in 1559 and cardinal in 1561.

Foundress of the Sisters of Charity of St. Vincent de Paul, born at Paris, 12 August, 1591, daughter of Louis de Marillac, Lord of Ferri res, and Marguerite Le Camus; died there, 15 March, 1660.

Count and Marquess de Grasse-Tilly, lieutenant-general of the naval forces; b. near Toulon, 1723; d. at Paris, 11 January, 1788.

Coadjutor-elect of Baltimore; born at Ruemannsfelden, Bavaria, 18 August, 1753; died at Philadelphia, U.S.A., October, 1793.

Master of ceremonies to Julius II and Leo X; b. at Bologna, about 1470; d. at Rome, 10 June, 1528.

Roman Emperor; son of Valentinian I; born at Sirmium, 359; died at Lyons, 383.

Spiritual director of St. Teresa and first Provincial of the Discalced Carmelites; born at Valladolid, 6 June, 1545; died at Brussels, 21 September, 1614.

The little that is known concerning the author of the "Concordantia discordantium canonum", more generally called the "Decretum Gratiani", is furnished by that work itself, its earliest copies, and its twelfth-century "Summae" or abridgments.

A titular see in Caesarea Mauretania, Africa.

Humanist; b. 1475 at Holtwick, near Coesfeld, Westphalia; d. at Cologne, 22 May, 1542.

French priest and writer; b. at Lille, 30 March, 1805; d. at Montreux, Switzerland, 7 February, 1872.

Schoolmaster and exegete, b. 17 Aug., 1769, at Mittelberg, Allgäu, Bavaria; d. at Darmstadt, 1 Nov., 1849.

Jesuit missionary; born 1651 at Moulins, where he studied classics and philosophy under the Jesuits; died in Louisiana in 1708.

Gravina is a town in the Province of Bari (Southern Italy), since the ninth century an episcopal see, suffragan of Acerenza and Matera. In 1818 it was united aeque principaliter with Montepeloso, which dates back to the twelfth century (some say the fifteenth) and was suffragan of Potenza.

Theologian; b. in Sicily, about 1573; d. in the Minerva, at Rome, 26 Aug., 1643.

Italian jurist and littérateur of the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries; b. at Rogliano, Calabria, 21 January, 1664; d. at Rome, 6 January, 1718.

Located in the capital of the Province of Steiermark, owes its establishment to the Counter-Reformation and the efforts of Archduke Karl von Steiermark, who, in 1584, requested Pope Gregory XIII to grant autonomous university privileges to the Jesuit college of Graz.

Created by Pope Pius X, 18 May, 1904; comprises the following counties in the State of Montana: Carbon, Cascade, Chouteau, Custer, Dawson, Fergus, Park, Rosebud, Sweet Grass, Valley, and Yellowstone.

Spanish artist. Born in Crete, between 1545 and 1550; died at Toledo, 7 April, 1614.

History of the country and church.

Includes the history and statistics.

Details the history and various divisions of the church.

The name Orthodox Church is generally used to distinguish those of the Greek Rite who are not in communion with the Holy See.

People who speak of the Greek Rite generally mean that of Constantinople.

Diocese established 3 March, 1868, from the territory of the Diocese of Milwaukee.

Martyr; born about 1584; martyred 19 August, 1642.

Priest and controversialist; b. at Stourbridge, Worcestershire, 1799; d. at Newport, Shropshire, 27 Feb., 1883.

An island stretching from within the Arctic Circle south to about 59 degrees N. latitude, being between 20 degrees and 75 degrees W. longitude.

(Catholic Encyclopedia)

The name is often taken as synonymous with plain chant, comprising not only the Church music of the early Middle Ages, but also later compositions (elaborate melodies for the Ordinary of the Mass, sequences, etc.) written in a similar style down to the sixteenth century and even in modern times.

Bishop of Elvira, in the province of Baetica, Spain, from which he derived his surname; d. about 392.

Reigned 590-604.

Reigned 715-731.

Reigned 731-41.

Reigned 827-44.

Reigned 1227-1241.

Humanist and Statesman, b. at Würzburg in the beginning of the fifteenth century; d. at Tharandt near Dresden, August, 1472.

Doctor of the Church, born at Arianzus, in Asia Minor, c. 325; died at the same place, 389.

Born at Neocaesarea in Pontus (Asia Minor) about 213; died there 270-275.

One of the Cappadocian fathers. (d. 385)

Augustinian theologian. (d. 1358)

Bishop and historian, born in 538 or 539; died at Tours, 17 Nov., in 593 or 594.

Abbot. (707-775)

Professor of the University of Ingolstadt, b. at Medina, Spain); d. at Naples, 25 April, 1603.

The apostle, national saint, and patron of Armenia.

Reigned 996-999.

Eleventh-century antipope.

Reigned 1045-46.

Reigned 1073-1085.

Antipope placed upon the papal chair by Emperor Henry V, 8 March, 1118.

Reigned 1187.

Reigned 1271-1276.

Reigned 1370-1378.

Reigned 1406-1415.

Reigned 1572-1585.

Reigned 1590-1591.

Reigned 1621-1623.

Reigned 1831-1846.

The oldest university of Prussia, founded in 1456.

Bishop and church historian, b. at Rapperswyl, Switzerland, 25 May, 1897; d. at St. Gall, 17 May, 1882.

A square or oblong cloth which the bishop should wear over his lap, when seated on the throne during the singing of the Kyrie, Gloria, and Credo by the choir, during the distribution of blessed candles, palms or ashes, and also during the anointments in connection with Holy orders.

Comprises the Department of Isère and the Canton of Villeurbanne (Rhône).

German humanist; b. in 1477, at Speyer; d. 1512, at Mainz.

French Jesuit missionary. (1618-1697)

Born 29 August, 1709; died 16 June, 1777, at Amiens.

A celebrated Jesuit writer; b. at Markdorf in the Diocese of Constance in 1562; d. at Ingolstadt in 1625.

French painter, b. at Tournus in Ardeche, 21 August, 1725; d. at Paris, 21 March, 1805.

The Order of Sisters of Charity of the Hôpital Général of Montreal, commonly called Grey Nuns because of the colour of their attire, was founded in 1738.

A community founded in 1745 at Monteal by Madame d'Youville, known as the Grey Sisters, or Grey Nuns, from the colour of the costume.

A novelist, dramatist, lyricist; b. 12 December, 1803, at Limerick, Ireland; d. at Cork, 12 June, 1840.

Journalist, historian. (1842-1911)

Born in London, 2 June, 1791; died 19 August, 1847; the first and only Vicar Apostolic of the London District educated wholly in England.

An Austrian poet, b. at Vienna, 15 January, 1791, d. 21 January, 1872.

Italian physicist, b. at Bologna, 2 April, 1618; d. in the same city, 28 Dec., 1663.

An eclectic painter of the Bolognese school; b. at Bologna, 1606; d. at Rome, 1680.

German novelist of the seventeenth century.

Catholic theologian. (1817-1882)

Founder of the "Brethren of the Common Life", b. 1340 at Deventer, Gelderland; d. 20 Aug., 1384.

An eminent jurist and theologian, b. 24 Feb., 1503, at Soest, Westphalia; d. at Rome, 13 March, 1559.

Bishop of Lincoln and one of the most learned men of the Middle Ages; b. about 1175; d. 9 October, 1253.

Suffragan diocese of Siena.

A diocese of the Latin Rite in Hungary, suffragan of Kalocsa-Bács.

A Basilian monastery near Rome.

German Jesuit missionary in China and noted explorer of the seventeenth century.

A pseudonym for Anton Alexander (Maria), Count von Auersperg, an Austrian poet; b. at Laibach in 1806. d. at Graz in 1876.

Archdiocese in Mexico, separated from the Diocese of Michoacan by Paul III, 31 July, 1548.

Guadalupe is strictly the name of a picture, but was extended to the church containing the picture and to the town that grew up around.

Diocese in the West Indies, comprises the islands of Guadeloupe, Les Saintes, Marie-Galante, La Désirade, and the French portions of St. Martin and St Bartholomew.

Diocese in Spain, comprises the greater part of the Province of Granada and a portion of the Province of Almeria.

A group of small tribes, speaking dialectic forms of a common language, probably of distinct stock, formerly occupying part of Lower California.

A Peruvian diocese, suffragan to Lima.

A tribal group of South America, having the former home territory chiefly between the Uruguay and lower Paraguay Rivers, in what is now Paraguay and the Provinces of Corrientes and Entre Rios of Argentina.

A law passed by the senate and chamber of the Italian parliament, 13 May, 1871, concerning the prerogatives of the Holy See, and the relations between State and Church in the Kingdom of Italy.

Province of Beira, Portugal.

Venetian painter. (1712-1793)

The lowest orders of angels are sent to men.

This feast, like many others, was local before it was placed in the Roman calendar.

A person intrusted by law with the interests of another whose youth, inexperience, mental weakness or feebleness of will, disqualifies him from acting for himself in the ordinary affairs of life, and who is known as the ward.

An Italian poet, b. at Ferrara, 1538, d. at Venice, 7 Oct., 1612.

A humanist, b. 1370, at Verona, Italy; d. 1460, at Ferrara.

Situated in the province of Reggio Emilia (Central Italy) on the left bank of the Po at its junction with the Crostolo.

Luigia Torelli, Countess of Guastalla (b. about 1500; d. 29 Oct., 1559 or 1569), widowed for the second time when she was twenty-five, resolved to devote her life to the service of God.

Archdiocese conterminous with the Republic of Guatemala, in Central America.

The capital of the Ecuadorian province of Guayas.

Diocese of Eugubinensis, in the province of Perugia in Umbria (Central Italy).

German convert to the Catholic faith from the Protestant ministry; b. 11 April, 1596, at Cassel; d. February, 1680.

Born in Brabant, Belgium, of Witger and Amalberga, in the seventh century; died at the beginning of the eighth century.

Benedictine and polygraph; b. 4 April, 1805, at Sablé-sur-Sarthe; d. at Solesmes, 30 January, 1875.

Writer, born at Rouen, 1641; died at the monastery of Saint-Ouen, 2 January, 1715.

Eugénie de Guérin, a French writer; b. at the château of La Cayla, in Languedoc, 15 January, 1805; d. there 5 June, 1848. Georges-Maurice de Guérin, a French poet, brother of Eugénie; b. at the château of La Cayla, in Languedoc, 5 August, 1810; d. there, 19 July, 1839.

In religion, Mother Theodore. Born at Etables (Côte du Nord), Brittany, France, 2 October, 1798; died 14 May, 1856.

Born at Udligerschwyl, near Lucerne, Switzerland, 25 August, 1782; died at Lucerne, 28 February, 1827.

Scientist, b. at Bologna, 16 August, 1763; d. in the same city, l5 December, 1817.

The name given to all that region of South America which extends along the Atlantic coast from the Orinoco to the Amazon.

An antipope, known as Clement III, 1080 (1084) to 1100; born at Parma about 1025; died at Cività Castellana, 8 Sept., 1100.

An historian and statesman; born at Florence, 1483; died there, 23 May, 1540.

Benedictine monk. (995-1050)

Medieval Carthusian. (1083-1137)

Bishop and orator. (1548-1631)

Voluntary associations for religious, social, and commercial purposes.

Soldier, born at Parkstown, Co. Tipperary, Ireland, on 15 Jan., 1835; died at Boston, 21 March, 1877.

Duke of Apulia and Calabria, founder of the Norman state of the Two Sicilies; born about 1016; died 17 July, 1085.

A branch of the ducal family of Lorraine who played an important part in the religious troubles of France during the seventeenth century.

A Bishop of Aversa, a Benedictine monk, theologian, and opponent of Berengarius; born at an unknown place in Normandy during the first quarter of the eleventh century; died between 1090-95, at Aversa, near Naples.

Vicariate erected 12 September, 1905, and formed from the prefecture Apostolic of the same name organized 29 May, 1882.

Oath taken May, 1604, plot discovered November, 1605. Robert Catesby, the originator of the Powder Plot, owned estates at Lapworth and Ashby St. Legers.

An archbishop of that city, died 8 July, 873.

Philosopher; b. 17 Nov., 1783, at Lindenau, near Leitmeritz, Bohemia; d. at Vienna, 24 February, 1863.

A hermit in Bohemia in the eleventh century; b. about 955; d. at Hartmanitz, Bohemia, 9 Oct., 1045.

A prince-bishopric of Carinthia, suffragan to Salzburg.

Moral theologian; b. at Mailleroncourt, Haute-Saône, 23 January, 1801; d. at Merc ur, Haute Loire, 18 April, 1866.

Naturalist, and the first aeronaut; b. in 1685 at Santos in the province of São Paulo, Brazil; d. 18 November, 1724, in Toledo, Spain.

Inventor of printing. (1400-1467)

English hermit. (673-714)

A celebrated French mystic of the seventeenth century; born at Montargis, in the Orléanais, 13 April, 1648; died at Blois, 9 June, 1717.

Señor de Batres; Spanish historian and poet (1376-1458).

(Catholic Encyclopedia)

A Hungarian see, suffragan to the Archdiocese of Gran.