D'Avenant, Sir William
Poet and dramatist, b. Feb., 1605-6, at Oxford, England; d. in London, 7 April, 1668.
Da Ponte, Lorenzo
Poet, b. at Cenada, Italy, 1749; d. in New York, 17 Aug., 1838.
Dablon, Claude
Jesuit missionary, born at Dieppe, France, in February, 1618; died at Quebec, 3 May, 1697.
Dabrowski, Joseph
Founder of Sts. Cyril and Methodius Seminary in Detroit. (d. 1903)
Dacier, André
A French philologist, born at Castres, 6 April, 1651; died 18 September, 1722.
Dacier, Anne
The wife of André Dacier, born at Saumur in 1651; died 17 April 1720.
Daguesseau, Henri-François
Chancellor of France, born at Limoges, 27 November, 1668; died at Paris, 5 February, 1751.
Dahomey
The Vicariate Apostolic of Dahomey, in West Africa, is territorially identical with the French colony of the same name.
Dalberg, Adolphus von
Prince-Abbot of Fulda and founder of the university in the same city, born 29 May, 1678; died 3 November, 1737.
Dalgairns, John Dobree
Born in the island of Guernsey, 21 Oct., 1818; d. 6 April, 1876, at St. George's Retreat, Burgess Hill, near Brighton, England.
Dalila
Samson, sometime after his exploit at Gaza (Judges, xvi, 1-3), "loved a woman, who dwelt in the valley of Sorec, and she was called Delilah" (verse 4).
Dallas
Diocese created in 1890, comprising 108 counties in the northern and north-western portion of the State of Texas, U.S.A.
Dalley, William Bede
Lawyer and statesman, born in Sydney, New South Wales, 1831; died there 28 October, 1888.
Dalmatia
A part of the Kingdom of Croatia according to a convention entered into between Croatia and Hungary.
Dalton, John
Irish author and translator from Spanish and German, born in 1814; died at Maddermarket, Norwich, 15 February, 1874.
Damão
Suffragan to Goa, and situated in Portugese India and the British Government of Bombay.
Damaraland
The middle part of the German colony, German Southwest Africa.
Damascus
It is mentioned in the Bible at the time of Abraham (Gen., xiv, 15; xv, 2); also on the pylons of Karnak, among the Syrian cities captured by the Pharaoh Touthmes III.
Damasus I, Saint, Pope
Born about 304; died 11 December, 384.
Damasus II, Pope
A native of Bavaria and the third German to be elevated to the See of Peter.
Damberger, Joseph Ferdinand
Church historian, born 1 March, 1795, at Passau, Bavaria; died 1 April, 1859, at Schäftlarn.
Damian and Cosmas, Saints
Early Christian physicians and martyrs whose feast is celebrated on 27 September.
Damien, Father (Joseph de Veuster)
Missionary priest, born at Tremeloo, Belgium, 3 January 1840; died at Molokai, Hawaii, 15 April 1889.
Damietta
An Egyptian titular see for the Latins and the Catholic Melchite Greeks, in Augustamnica Prima.
Dan
The fifth son of Jacob, being the elder of the two sons born to him by Bala, the handmaid of Rachel, and the eponymous ancestor of the tribe bearing the same name.
Dance of Death
Originally a species of spectacular play akin to the English moralities. It has been traced back to the middle of the fourteenth century.
Dancing
The origin of dancing is from the natural tendency to employ gesture either to supplement or to replace speech.
Dandolo, Enrico
Doge of Venice from 1192 to 1205; died, aged about a hundred years, in 1205.
Daniel
The hero and traditional author of the book which bears his name.
Daniel and Companions, Saint
Friars Minor and martyrs; dates of birth unknown; died 10 October, 1227.
Daniel of Winchester
Bishop of the West Saxons, and ruler of the See of Winchester from 705 to 744; died in 745.
Daniel, Book of
In the Hebrew Bible, and in most recent Protestant versions, the Book of Daniel is limited to its proto-canonical portions. In the Septuagint, the Vulgate, and many other ancient and modern translations of the Bible, it comprises both its proto- and its deutero-canonical parts, both of which have an equal right to be considered as inspired, and to be included in a treatment of the Book of Daniel.
Daniel, Charles
Founded the "Etudes de théologie et d' histoire", a magazine with monthly publication. (1818-1893)
Daniel, Gabriel
Historian and controversialist, born at Rouen, France, 8 Feb., 1649; died at Paris, 23 June, 1728.
Daniel, John
Priest and professor, Born 1745; died in Paris, 3 October, 1823.
Daniel, Saint Anthony
Huron missionary, born at Dieppe, in Normandy, 27 May 1601, slain by the Iroquois.
Danti, Ignazio
Mathematician and cosmographer, b. at Perugia, Italy, 1537; d. at Alatri, 19 Oct., 1586.
Danti, Vincenzo
Sculptor, brother of Ignazio, b. at Perugia, 1530; d. 24 May, 1576.
Dantine, Maurus
Benedictine of the Congregation of Saint-Maur, and chronologist, born at Gourieux near Namur, Belgium, 1 April, 1688; died in the monastery of the "Blancs-Manteaux", Paris, 3 November, 1746.
Darboy, Georges
Archbishop of Paris and ecclesiastical writer, b. at Fayl-Billot, near Langres, 1813; killed by Communists at Paris, 24 May, 1871.
Dardanus
A titular see in the province of Hellespont, suffragan of Cyzicus.
Dardel, Jean
Friar Minor of the French province of the order, chronicler of Armenia in the fourteenth century, adviser and confessor to King Leo V (or VI) of Armenia.
Dareste de la Chavanne, Antoine-Elisabeth
Historian and professor, b. in Paris, 25 October, 1820; d. at Lucenay-lès-Aix, 6 August, 1882.
Darras, Joseph-Epiphane
Church historian, b. at Troyes, France, 1825; d. at Paris, Nov. 8, 1878.
Darrell, William
Theologian, b. 1651, in Buckinghamshire, England; d. 28 Feb., 1721, at St. Omer's, France.
Dates and Dating
In classical Latin even before the time of Christ it was usual for correspondents to indicate when and where their letters were written.
Daubrée, Gabriel-Auguste
French geologist, b. at Metz, 25 June, 1814; d. at Paris, 29 May, 1896.
Daumer, Georg Friedrich
German poet and philosopher, b. at Nuremberg, 5 March, 1800; d. at Wurzburg, 14 December, 1875.
Davenport
Diocese erected 8 May, 1881, in the four southern tiers of counties in Iowa.
Davenport, Christopher
Theologian, b. 1598, at Coventry, England, d. 31 May, 1680.
David of Augsburg
Medieval German mystic, b. probably at Augsburg, Bavaria, early in the thirteenth century; d. at Augsburg, 19 November, 1272.
David of Dinant
A pantheistic philosopher who lived in the first decades of the thirteenth century.
David Scotus
A medieval Irish chronicler, date of birth unknown; d. 1139.
David, Armand
Missionary priest and zoologist, b. 1826; d. 1900.
David, King
In the Bible the name David is borne only by the second king of Israel, the great-grandson of Boaz and Ruth.
Davies, Venerable William
Martyr, priest who suffered under Queen Elizabeth.
Davila Padilla
Writer, Bishop of Santo Domingo. A native of the City of Mexico, b. 1562; d. 1604.
Dawson, Aeneas McDonnell
Author, b. in Scotland, 30 July, 1810; d. in Ottawa, Canada, 29 Dec., 1894.
Day of Atonement
A most solemn fast, on which no food could be taken throughout the day, and servile works were forbidden.
Day, George
Bishop of Chichester; b. in Shropshire, England, c. 1501; d. 2 August, 1556.
Day, John Charles, Sir
Jurist, b. near Bath, England, 1826; d. 13 June, 1908, at Newbury.
De L'Orme, Philibert
Celebrated architect of the French Renaissance, born at Lyons, c. 1515 or a little later; died at Paris, 8 January, 1570.
De La Croix, Charles
Missionary, b. at Hoorbeke-St-Corneille, Belgium, 28 Oct., 1792; d. at Ghent, 20 Aug., 1869.
De Lisle, Ambrose Lisle March Phillipps
Born 17 March, 1809; died 5 March, 1878.
De Paul University
In Chicago, the outgrowth of St. Vincent's College, which opened in Sept., 1898.
De Profundis
"Out of the depths". First words of Psalm 129.
De Rossi, Giovanni Battista
Christian archaeologist, best known for his work in connection with the Roman catacombs. (1822-1894)
De Smet, Pierre-Jean
Missionary among the North American Indians, b. at Termonde (Dendermonde), Belgium, 30 Jan., 1801; d. at St. Louis, Missouri, U.S.A., 23 May, 1873.
De Soto, Hernando
Explorer and conqueror, born at Villanueva de la Serena, Badajoz, Spain, 1496 or 1500; died on the banks of the Mississippi the latter part of June, 1542.
De Vere, Aubrey Thomas Hunt
Poet, critic, and essayist, b. at Curragh Chase, County Limerick, Ireland, 10 January, 1814; died there, 21 January, 1902.
Deacons
The name means only minister or servant, and is employed in this sense both in the Septuagint (though only in the book of Esther, and in the New Testament.
Dead Sea
The name given to the lake that lies on the south-eastern border of Palestine.
Dead, Prayers for the
Catholic teaching regarding prayers for the dead is bound up inseparably with the doctrine of purgatory and the more general doctrine of the communion of the saints, which is an article of the Apostle's Creed.
Deaf, Education of the
History, aids, and alphabets are discussed.
Dean
One of the principal administrative officials of a diocese.
Dean, William, Venerable
Born in Yorkshire, England, date uncertain, martyred 28 August, 1588.
Dease, Thomas
Bishop of Meath, born in Ireland, 1568; died at Galway, 1651.
Death Penalty
The infliction by due legal process of the penalty of death as a punishment for crime.
Death, Preparation for
Includes the steps taken, such as calling a priest, winding up earthly affairs, and confession.
Debbora
Prophetess and judge, wife of Lapidoth and endowed by God with prophetic gifts which secured for her the veneration of the divided Israelitic tribes and gave her great authority over them.
Debt
That which is owed or due to another; in general, anything which one person is under an obligation to pay or render to another.
Decalogue
The term employed to designate the collection of precepts written on two tables of stone and given by God to Moses on Mount Sinai.
Decapolis
Name given in the Bible and by ancient writers to a region in Palestine lying to the east and south of the Sea of Galilee.
Dechamps, Adolphe
Belgian statesman and publicist, brother of Cardinal Dechamps, born at Melle near Ghent, 17 June, 1807, died at Manage, 19 July, 1875.
Dechamps, Victor Augustin Isidore
Cardinal, Archbishop of Mechlin, and Primate of Belgium; born at Melle near Ghent 6 Dec., 1810; died 29 Sept., 1883, at Mechlin.
Decker, Hans
A German sculptor of the middle of the fifteenth century.
Declaration, The Royal
The name most commonly given to the solemn repudiation of Catholicity which, in accordance with provisions of the "Bill of Rights" (1689) and of "the Act of Succession" (1700), every sovereign succeeding to the throne of Great Britain was, until quite recently, required to make in the presence of the assembled Lords and Commons.
Decorations, Pontifical
The titles of nobility, orders of Christian knighthood and other marks of honour and distinction which the papal court confers upon men of unblemished character who have in any way promoted the interests of society, the Church, and the Holy See.
Decree
In a general sense, an order or law made by a superior authority for the direction of others. In ecclesiastical use it has various meanings. Any papal Bull, Brief, or Motu Proprio is a decree inasmuch as these documents are legislative acts of the Holy Father.
Decretals, Papal
In the wide sense the term decretalis signifies a pontifical letter containing a decretum, or pontifical decision. In a narrower sense it denotes a decision on a matter of discipline. In the strictest sense of the word, it means a rescript, an answer of the pope when he has been appealed to or his advice has been sought on a matter of discipline.
Dedication
A term which, though sometimes used of persons who are consecrated to God's service, is more properly applied to the "setting aside" of places for a special and sacred purpose.
Dedication, Feast of the
Also called the Feast of the Machabees and Feast of Lights.
Deduction
An argument or reasoning process, that kind of mediate inference by which from truths already known we advance to a knowledge of other truths necessarily implied in the former; the mental product or result of that process. Also a method, the deductive method, by which we increase our knowledge through a series of such inferences.
Deer, Abbey of
A once famous Scotch monastery. According to the Celtic legend St. Columcille, his disciple Drostan, and others, went from Hy (Iona) into Buchan and established an important missionary centre at Deer on the banks of the Ugie on lands given him by the mormaer or chief of the district whose son he had by his prayers freed of a dangerous illness.
Defender of the Matrimonial Tie
An official whose duty is to defend the marriage-bond in the procedure prescribed for the hearing of matrimonial causes which involve the validity or nullity of a marriage already contracted.
Definitions, Theological
An irrevocable decision, by which the supreme teaching authority in the Church decides a question appertaining to faith or morals, and which binds the whole Church.
Definitor (in Canon Law)
An official in secular deaneries and in certain religious orders.
Definitors (in Religious Orders)
Generally speaking, the governing council of an order.
Deger, Ernst
Historical painter, born in Bockenem, Hanover, 15 April, 1809; died in Düsseldorf, 27 Jan., 1885.
Degradation
A canonical penalty by which an ecclesiastic is entirely and perpetually deprived of all office, benefice, dignity, and power conferred on him by ordination; and by a special ceremony is reduced to the state of a layman, losing the privileges of the clerical state and being given over to the secular arm.
Deharbe, Joseph
Theologian, catechist, b. at Straburg, Alsace, 11 April, 1800; d. at Maria-Laach, 8 November, 1871.
Dei gratia; Dei et Apostolicæ Sedis gratia
A formulæ added to the titles of ecclesiastical dignitaries.
Deicolus, Saint
Elder brother of St. Gall, b. in Leinster, Ireland, c. 530; d. at Lure, France, 18 January, 625.
Deism
The term used to denote certain doctrines apparent in a tendency of thought and criticism that manifested itself principally in England towards the latter end of the seventeenth century.
Deity
This article is confined to the non-Christian notion of the Deity.
Delacroix, Ferdinand-Victor-Eugène
French painter, b. at Charenton-St-Maurice, near Paris, 26 April, 1798; d. 13 August, 1863.
Delaroche, Hippolyte
Painter, born at Paris, 17 July, 1797; died 4 November, 1856.
Delatores
A term used by the Synod of Elvira (c. 306) to stigmatize those Christians who appeared as accusers of their brethren.
Delaware
One of the original thirteen of the United States of America.
Delaware Indians
An important tribal confederacy of Algonquian stock originally holding the basin of the Delaware River, in Eastern Pennsylvania.
Delcus
A titular see of Thrace, suffragan of Philippopolis.
Delegation
A delegation is the commission to another of jurisdiction, which is to be exercised in the name of the person delegating. Jurisdiction is defined as the power of anyone who has public authority and pre-eminence over others for their rule and government.
Delfau, François
Theologian, born 1637 at Montel in Auvergne, France; died 13 Oct., 1676.
Delfino, Pietro
A theologian, born at Venice in 1444; died 16 Jan., 1525.
Delille, Jacques
French abbé and litterateur, born at Aigueperse, 22 June, 1738; died at Paris, 1 May, 1813.
Delisle, Guillaume
Reformer of cartography, born 28 February, 1675, in Paris; died there 25 January, 1726.
Delphine, Blessed
A member of the Third Order of St. Francis, born in Provence, France, in 1284; died 26 November, 1358.
Delrio, Martin Anton
Scholar, statesman, Jesuit theologian, born at Antwerp, 17 May, 1551; died at Louvain, 19 October, 1608.
Delta of the Nile, Prefecture Apostolic of the
Situated in the north of Egypt and comprises four of the six provinces forming Lower Egypt, namely: Gharbieh, Charkieb, Menufieh, and Kalyiubieh.
Deluge
A catastrophe fully described in Gen., vi, 1-ix, 19.
Demers, Modeste
Missionary in Pacific Northwest. (1809-1871)
Demetrius
The name of two Syrian kings mentioned in the Old Testament and two other persons in the New Testament.
Demiurge
The word means literally a public worker, demioergós, demiourgós, and was originally used to designate any craftsman plying his craft or trade for the use of the public. Soon, however, technítes and other words began to be used to designate the common artisan while demiurge was set aside for the Great Artificer or Fabricator, the Architect of the universe.
Democracy, Christian
Pope Leo XIII in his Encyclical "Graves de communi" declared it to be the same as "popular Catholic action".
Demon
In Scripture and in Catholic theology this word has come to mean much the same as devil and denotes one of the evil spirits or fallen angels.
Demoniacs
Article concerned with the demonic possession in the New Testament.
Dempster, Thomas
Savant, professor, and author. (1579-1625)
Denaut, Pierre
Tenth Bishop of Quebec, b. at Montreal, 20 July, 1743; d. at Longueuil in 1806.
Denes
An aboriginal race of North America, also called Athapaskans and known earlier among earlier ethnologists as Tinne or Tinneh.
Denifle, Heinrich Seuse
Paleographer and historian. (1844-1905)
Denis, Johann Nepomuk Cosmas Michael
Bibliographer and poet, b. at Schärding, Bavaria, 27 September, 1729; d. at Vienna, 29 Sept., 1800.
Denis, Joseph
The first Canadian to join the Recollects of the Friars Minor. (1657-1736)
Denman, William
Publisher, b. in Edinburgh, Scotland, 17 March, 1784; d. in Brooklyn, New York, U.S.A., 12 September, 1870.
Denmark
History includes politics, religion, literary, and art.
Denonville, Seigneur and Marquis de
Governor of New France, born in 1638 at Denonville in the department of Eure-et-Loir, France; died 1710.
Dens, Peter
Theologian, b. at Boom, near Antwerp, Belgium, 12 September, 1690; d. at Mechlin, 15 February, 1775.
Denunciation
Making known the crime of another to one who is his superior.
Denver
A suffragan of the Archdiocese of Santa Fé, erected in 1887.
Denys the Carthusian
Sometimes called the last of the Schoolmen, devoted to prayer, avid reader whose favorite author was Pseudo-Dionysius. Author of commentaries, sermons, and theological and philosophical treatises. He died in 1471.
Denza, Francesco
Italian meteorologist and astronomer, b. at Naples, 7 June, 1834; d. at Rome, 14 December, 1894.
Denzinger, Heinrich Joseph Dominicus
Theologian of the modern Catholic German school and author of the "Enchiridion" universally used, b. 10 Oct., 1819, at Liege; d. 19 June, 1883.
Deo Gratias
An old liturgical formula of the Latin Church to give thanks to God for graces received.
Deposition
An ecclesiastical vindictive penalty by which a cleric is forever deprived of his office or benefice and of the right of exercising the functions of his orders.
Deprés, Josquin
Contrapuntist, composer, and head of the Second Netherland School. (1450-1521)
Dereser, Anton
Discalced Carmelite, born at Fahr in Franconia, 3 February, 1757; died at Breslau, 15 or 16 June, 1807.
Derogation
The partial revocation of a law, as opposed to abrogation or the total abolition of a law.
Derry
Includes nearly all the County Derry, part of Donegal, and a large portion of Tyrone, Ireland; it is a suffragan of Armagh.
Derry, School of
This was the first foundation of St. Columba, the great Apostle of Scotland, and one of the three patron saints of Ireland.
Desains, Paul-Quentin
Physicist, b. at St-Quentin, France, 12 July, 1817; d. at Paris, 3 May, 1885.
Desault, Pierre-Joseph
Surgeon and anatomist, b. at Magny-Vernois a small town of Franche-Comté, France, in 1744; d. 1 June, 1795.
Descartes, René
Philosopher and scientist, born at La Haye France, 31 March, 1596; died at Stockholm, Sweden, 11 February 1650.
Deschamps, Eustache
Also called Morel, on account of his dark complexion; b. at Vertus in Champagne between 1338 and 1340; d. about 1410.
Deschamps, Nicolas
Polemical writer, born at Villefranche (Rhône), France, 1797; died at Aix-en-Provence, 1872.
Desecration
The loss of that peculiar quality of sacredness, which inheres in places and things in virtue of the constitutive blessing of the Church.
Desert
The word wilderness, which is more frequently used than desert of the region of the Exodus, more nearly approaches the meaning of the Hebrew.
Desiderius of Cahors, Saint
Bishop, b. at Obrege, of a noble Frankish family from Aquitaine; d. 15 Nov., 655.
Desmarets de Saint-Sorlin, Jean
A French dramatist and novelist, born in Paris, 1595, died there, 1676.
Desolation, The Abomination of
Spoken of in St. Matthew, xxiv, 15, and St. Mark, xiii, 14.
Despair
The voluntary and complete abandonment of all hope of saving one's soul and of having the means required for that end.
Despretz, César-Mansuète
Chemist and physicist, b. at Lessines, Belgium, 11 May, 1798; d. at Paris, 11 May, 1863.
Desurmont, Achille
Ascetical writer, b. at Tourcoing, France, 23 Dec., 1828; d. 23 July, 1898.
Determinism
A name employed by writers, especially since J. Stuart Mill, to denote the philosophical theory which holds, in opposition to the doctrine of free will, that all man's volitions are invariably determined by pre-existing circumstances.
Detraction
The unjust damaging of another's good name by the revelation of some fault or crime of which that other is really guilty or at any rate is seriously believed to be guilty by the defamer.
Detroit
Diocese established 8 March, 1838. Suffragan of Cincinnati.
Deus in Adjutorium Meum Intende
These words form the introductory prayer to every Hour of the Roman, monastic, and Ambrosian Breviaries, except during the last three days of Holy Week, and in the Office of the Dead.
Deusdedit, Cardinal
Joined the Benedictine Order and became a zealous promoter of ecclesiastical reforms in the latter half of the eleventh century.
Deuteronomy
This term occurs in Deut., xvii, 18 and Jos., viii, 32, and is the title of one of the five books of the Pentateuch.
Deutinger, Martin
Philosopher and religious writer, b. in Langenpreising, Bavaria, 24 March, 1815; d. at Pfäfers, Switzerland, 9 Sept., 1864.
Devas, Charles Stanton
Political economist, b. at Woodside, Old Windsor, England, of Protestant parents, 26 August, 1848; d. 6 November, 1906.
Devereux, Nicholas
Born near Enniscorthy, Ireland, 7 June, 1791; died at Utica, New York, 29 Dec., 1855, was the youngest brother of John C. Devereux.
Devil
The name commonly given to the fallen angels, who are also known as demons. With the article (ho) it denotes Lucifer, their chief, as in Matthew 25:41, "the Devil and his angels".
Devil Worship
Fathers and theologians explain the matter as, the fallen angels besides tempting and assailing men in other ways have, by working on their fears or exciting their cupidity, brought them to give worship to themselves under the guise of idols.
Devil's Advocate
A title given to an officer of the Sacred Congregation of Rites, established in 1587, by Sixtus V, to deal juridically with processes of beatification and canonization.
Devolution
The right of an ecclesiastical superior to provide for a benefice, when the ordinary patron or collator has failed to do so, either through negligence or by the nomination of an improper candidate.
Devoti, Giovani
Canonist, born at Rome, 11 July, 1744; died there 18 Sept., 1820.
Devotions, Popular
Devotion, in the language of ascetical writers, denotes a certain ardour of affection in the things of God, and even without any qualifying prefix it generally implies that this ardour is of a sensible character.
Deymann, Clementine
Priest and prison chaplain. Born at Klein-Stavern, Oldenburg, Germany, 24 June, 1844; died at Phoenix, Arizona.
Diaconicum
In the Greek Church, the liturgical book specifying the functions of the deacon.
Diakovár
See of the Bishop of the united Dioceses of Bosnia or Diakovár and Syrmia.
Dialectic
Greek dialektike (techne or methodos), the dialectic art or method, from dialegomai I converse, discuss, dispute; as noun also dialectics; as adjective, dialectical.
Diamantina
Located in the north of the state of Minas Geraes, Brazil, South America; created under the Brazilian Empire, 10 Aug., 1853, and confirmed by the Holy See, 6 June, 1854.
Diana, Antonino
Moral theologian, born of a noble family at Palermo, Sicily, in 1586; died at Rome, 20 July, 1663.
Diano
Diocese and small city in the province of Salermo, Italy; the ancient Tegianum and seat of the Tegyani, a tribe of Lucania.
Diario Romano
A booklet published annually at Rome, with papal authorization, giving the routine of feasts and fasts to be observed in Rome and the ecclesiastical functions to be performed in the city.
Diarmaid, Saint
Offers information for two saints by this name.
Dias, Bartolomeu
A famous Portuguese navigator of the fifteenth century, discoverer of the Cape of Good Hope; died at sea, 29 May, 1500.
Diaspora
The name given to the countries (outside of Palestine) through which the Jews were dispersed, and secondarily to the Jews living in those countries.
Diaz de Solís, Juan
Spanish navigator and explorer, b. about 1470.
Diaz del Castillo, Bernal
Spanish historian, one of the chief chroniclers of the conquest of Mexico by the Spaniards, b. at Medina del Campo, Spain, c. 1498; d. after 1568.
Diaz, Pedro
Missionary, b. at Lupedo, Diocese of Toledo, Spain, in 1546; d. in Mexico, 12 Jan., 1618.
Dicconson, Edward
Titular Bishop of Malla, or Mallus, Vicar Apostolic of the English Northern District; b. 30 Nov., 1670; d. 5 May, 1752.
Diceto, Ralph de
Dean of St. Paul's, London, and chronicler.
Dichu, Saint
The son of an Ulster chieftain, was the first convert of St. Patrick in Ireland.
Dicuil
Irish monk and geographer, b. in the second half of the eighth century; date of death unknown.
Didache
A short treatise which was accounted by some of the Fathers as next to Holy Scripture.
Didacus, Saint
Lay brother of the Order of Friars Minor, date of birth uncertain; died at Alcalá, Spain, 12 Nov., 1463.
Didascalia Apostolorum
A treatise which pretends to have been written by the Apostles at the time of the Council of Jerusalem (Acts, xv), but is really a composition of the third century.
Didon, Henri
Preacher, writer, and educator, b. 17 March, 1840, at Touvet (Isère), France; d. 13 March, 1900, at Toulouse.
Didot
Preacher, writer, and educator, b. 17 March, 1840, at Touvet (Isère), France; d. 13 March, 1900, at Toulouse.
Didron, Adolphe-Napoleon
Also called Didron aîné; archaeologist; together with Viollet-le-Duc and Caumont, one of the principal revivers of Christian art in France; b. 13 March, 1806, d. 13 November, 1867.
Didymus the Blind
Layman, one of the principal opponents of Arianism. Born about 310-313; died about 395-398.
Diego y Moreno, Francisco Garcia
First bishop of California, b. 17 Sept., 1785, at Lagos in the state of Jalisco, Mexico; d. 30 April, 1846, at Santa Barbara.
Diekamp, Wilhelm
Historian, b. at Geldern, 13 May, 1854; d. at Rome, 25 Dec., 1885.
Diemoth
An old German word for the present "Demuth", the English "humility", was the name of a pious recluse at the monastery of Wessobrunn in Upper Bavaria, b. about 1060 of a noble Bavarian or Swabian family; d. 30 March, probably in 1130.
Diepenbeeck, Abraham van
An erudite and accomplished painter of the Flemish School, b. at Bois-le-Duc in the Netherlands, 1599; d. at Antwerp, 1675.
Diepenbrock, Melchior, Baron von
Cardinal and Prince-Bishop of Breslau, b. 6 January, 1798, at Boeholt in Westphalia; d. at the castle of Johannisberg in Upper Silesia, 20 January, 1853.
Dieringer, Franz Xaver
Catholic theologian, b. 22 August, 1811, at Rangeningen (Hohenzollern-Hechingen); d. 8 September, 1876, at Veringendorf.
Dies Irae
Name by which the sequence in requiem Masses is commonly known.
Dietenberger, Johann
Theologian, b. about 1475 at Frankfort-on-the-Main, d. 4 Sept., 1537, at Mainz.
Diether of Isenburg
Archbishop and Elector of Mainz, b. about 1412; d. 7 May, 1482, at Aschaffenburg.
Dietrich von Nieheim
Born in the Diocese of Paderborn, between 1338 and 1340; d. at Maastricht, 22 March, 1418, a medieval German historian, best known for his contributions to the history of the Western Schism.
Digby, George
Second Earl of Bristol, b. at Madrid, Spam, where his father, the first earl, was ambassador, l612; d. at Chelsea, England, 1677.
Digby, Kenelm Henry
Writer, b. in Ireland, 1800; d. at Kensington, Middlesex, England, 22 March, 1880.
Digby, Sir Everard
Born 16 May, 1578, died 30 Jan., 1606. Succeeded in his fourteenth year to large properties in the Counties of Lincoln, Leicester, and Rutland.
Digby, Sir Kenelm
Physicist, naval commander and diplomatist, b. at Gayhurst (Goathurst), Buckinghamshire, England, 11 July, 1603; d. in Covent Garden, Westminster, 11 June, 1665.
Digne
Diocese comprising the entire department of the Basses Alpes; suffragan of the Archbishopric of Aix.
Dignitary, Ecclesiastical
A member of a chapter, cathedral or collegiate, possessed not only of a foremost place, but also of a certain jurisdiction.
Dijon
Diocese comprising the entire department of Côte-d'Or and is a suffragan of Lyons.
Dillingen, University of
Located in Swabia, a district of Bavaria. Its founder was Cardinal Otto Truchsess von Waldburg, Prince-Bishop of Augsburg (1543-1573).
Dillon, Arthur-Richard
A French prelate, b. at St-Germain-en-Laye, near Paris, 1721; d. in London, 1806.
Dimissorial Letters
Letters given by an ecclesiastical superior to his subjects to have effect in territory outside his jurisdiction.
Dingley, Ven. Sir Thomas
Martyr, prior of the Knights of St. John of Jerusalem, found guilty of high treason 28 April, 1539, and beheaded on Tower Hill, 9 July, together with the Blessed Sir Adrian Fortescue.
Dinooth, Saint
Founder and first Abbot of Bangor Iscoed (Flintshire); flourished between 500 and 542.
Diocesan Chancery
That branch of administration which handles all written documents used in the official government of a diocese.
Diocese
The territory or churches subject to the jurisdiction of a bishop.
Dioceses (Supplemental List)
Brief details of dioceses that were too new to have articles about them in 1914.
Diocletian
Roman Emperor and persecutor of the Church, b. of parents who had been slaves, at Dioclea, near Salona, in Dalmatia, A.D. 245; d. at Salona, A.D. 313.
Diodorus of Tarsus
Date of birth uncertain; d. about A.D. 392. He was of noble family, probably of Antioch. St. Basil calls him a "nursling" of Silvanus, Bishop of Tarsus, but whether this discipleship was at Antioch or at Tarsus is not known.
Diognetus, Epistle to
An apology for Christianity cited by no ancient or medieval writer, and came from a single manuscript which perished in the siege of Strasburg (1870).
Dionysius Exiguus
According to his friend and fellow-student, Cassiodorus, though by birth a Scythian, he was in character a true Roman and thorough Catholic, most learned in both tongues i.e., Greek and Latin, and an accomplished scripturist.
Dionysius of Alexandria
Also called Dionysius the Great, bishop, d. 264 or 265. Feast day: 17 November.
Dionysius the Pseudo-Areopagite
The judge of the Areopagus who was converted to Christianity by the preaching of St. Paul, and according to Dionysius of Corinth was Bishop of Athens.
Diplomatics, Papal
The word diplomatics denotes in English the science of ancient official documents, more especially of those emanating from the chanceries of popes, kings, emperors, and other authorities possessing a recognized jurisdiction.
Diptych
A sort of notebook, formed by the union of two tablets, placed one upon the other and united by rings or by a hinge.
Direction, Spiritual
In the technical sense of the term, that function of the sacred ministry by which the Church guides the faithful to the attainment of eternal happiness.
Directories, Catholic
Directorium simply means guide, but in the later Middle Ages it came to be specially applied to guides for the recitation of Office and Mass.
Discalced
A term applied to those religious congregations of men and women, the members of which go entirely unshod or wear sandals, with or without other covering for the feet.
Discernment of Spirits
In the restricted sense, spirits indicate the various spiritual agents which, by their suggestions and movements, may influence the moral value of our acts.
Disciple
This term is commonly applied to one who is learning any art or science from one distinguished by his accomplishments.
Disciples of Christ
A sect founded in the United States of America by Alexander Campbell.
Discipline of the Secret
A theological term used to express the custom which prevailed in the earliest ages of the Church, by which the knowledge of the more intimate mysteries of the Christian religion was carefully kept from the heathen and even from those who were undergoing instruction in the Faith.
Discussions, Religious
Oral dialectical duels, more or less formal and public, between champions of divergent religious beliefs.
Disparity of Cult
A diriment impediment introduced by the Church to safeguard the sanctity of the Sacrament of Marriage.
Dispensation
An act whereby in a particular case a lawful superior grants relaxation from an existing law.
Dispersion of the Apostles
A feast in commemoration of the missionary work of the Twelve Apostles.
Distraction
Distraction (Lat. distrahere, to draw away, hence to distract) is here considered in so far as it is wont to happen in time of prayer and in administering the sacraments.
Distributions
Canonically termed disturbtiones quotidianae, are certain portions of the revenue of a church, distributed to the canons present at Divine service.
Dithmar
Bishop of Merseburg and medieval chronicler, b. 25 July, 975; d. 1 Dec., 1018.
Dives
Latin for rich. The word is not used in the Bible as a proper noun; but in the Middle Ages it came to be employed as the name of the rich man in the parable of the rich man and Lazarus, Luke, XVI, 19-31.
Divination
The seeking after knowledge of future or hidden things by inadequate means.
Divine Attributes
In order to form a more systematic idea of God, and as far as possible, to unfold the implications of the truth, God is All-Perfect, this infinite Perfection is viewed, successively, under various aspects, each of which is treated as a separate perfection and characteristic inherent to the Divine Substance, or Essence. A certain group of these, of paramount import, is called the Divine Attributes.
Divine Charity, Daughters of
Founded at Vienna, 21 November, 1868, by Franziska Lechner (d. 1894) on the Rule of St. Augustine, and approved by the Holy See in 1884 and definitively confirmed 22 July, 1891.
Divine Charity, Sisters of
Founded at Besançon, in 1799, by a Vincentian Sister, and modelled on the Sisters of Mercy of St. Vincent de Paul.
Divine Charity, Society of
Founded at Maria-Martental near Kaisersesch, in 1903 by Josepth Tallmanns.
Divine Compassion, Institute of the
Founded in the city of New York, USA, by the Rt. Rev. Thomas Stanislaus Preston.
Divine Nature and Attributes, The
Covered as natural reason and faith.
Divine Office
This expression signifies etymologically a duty accomplished for God; in virtue of a Divine precept it means, in ecclesiastical language, certain prayers to be recited at fixed hours of the day or night by priests, religious, or clerics, and, in general, by all those obliged by their vocation to fulfil this duty
Divine Providence, Sisters of
Includes several orders by this name.
Divine Redeemer, Daughters of the
Motherhouse at Oedenburg, Hungary; founded in 1863 from the Daughters of the Divine Saviour of Vienna.
Divine Savior, Society of the
Founded at Rome, 8 Dec., 1881, by Johann Baptist Jordan (b. 1848 at Gartweil im Breisgau), elected superior general as Father Francis Mary of the Cross.
Divine Word, Society of the
The first German Catholic missionary society established. It was founded in 1875 during the period of the Kulturkampf at Steyl, near Tegelen, Holland, by a priest, Rev. Arnold Janssen (d. 15 January, 1909), for the propagation of the Catholic religion among pagan nations.
Divisch, Procopius
Premonstratensian, b. at Senftenberg, Bohemia, 26 March, 1698; d. at Prenditz, Moravia, 21 December, 1765.
Divorce (in Civil Jurisprudence)
Defined in jurisprudence as "the dissolution or partial suspension by law of the marriage relation".
Divorce (in Moral Theology)
The subject is treated here under two distinct heads: First, divorce in moral theology; second, divorce in civil jurisprudence.
Dixon, Joseph
Archbishop of Armagh, Ireland, born at Coalisland, Co. Tyrone, in 1806; died at Armagh, 29 April, 1866.
Dlugosz, Jan
An eminent medieval Polish historian, b. at Brzeznica, 1415; d. 19 May, 1480, at Cracow.
Dobmayer, Marian
Benedictine theologian, born 24 October, 1753, at Schwandorf, Bavaria; died 21 December, 1805.
Dobrizhoffer, Martin
Missionary, b. in Graz, Styria, 7 Sept., 1717; d. in Vienna, 17 July 1791.
Doctors of the Church
Certain ecclesiastical writers have received this title on account of the great advantage the whole Church has derived from their doctrine.
Doctors, Surnames of Famous
Lists the principal surnames with the dates of death.
Doctrine of Addai
Syriac document which relates the conversion of Edessa.
Doctrine, Christian
The word katechesis means instruction by word of mouth, especially by questioning and answering. The Apostle insists upon "doctrine" as one of the most important duties of a bishop.
Dogma
Signifies, in the writings of the ancient classical authors, sometimes, an opinion or that which seems true to a person; sometimes, the philosophical doctrines or tenets, and especially the distinctive philosophical doctrines, of a particular school of philosophers, and sometimes, a public decree or ordinance, as dogma poieisthai.
Dogmatic Fact
Any fact connected with a dogma and on which the application of the dogma to a particular case depends.
Dogmatic Theology
That part of theology which treats of the theoretical truths of faith concerning God and His works.
Dogmatic Theology, History of
Detailed article broken into time periods.
Dolbeau, Jean
Recollect friar, born in the Province of Anjou, France, 12 March, 1586; died at Orléans, 9 June, 1652.
Dolci, Carlo
Painter, born in Florence, Italy, 25 May, 1616; died 17 January, 1686.
Dollinger, Johann Joseph Ignaz von
Historian and theologian. (1799-1890)
Dolman, Charles
Publisher and bookseller, b. at Monmouth, England, 20 Sept., 1807; d. in Paris, 31 December, 1863.
Dolores Mission
Or Mission San Francisco De Asis De Los Dolores.
Dolphin
The use of the dolphin as a Christian symbol is connected with the general ideas underlying the more general use of the fish. The particular idea is that of swiftness and celerity symbolizing the desire with which Christians, who are thus represented as being sharers in the nature of Christ the true Fish, should seek after the knowledge of Christ.
Dome
An architectural term often used synonymously with cupola.
Domenech, Emmanuel-Henri-Dieudonne
Abbe, missionary and author, b. at Lyons, France, 4 November, 1826; d. in France, June, 1886.
Domesday Book
The name given to the record of the great survey of England made by order of William the Conqueror in 1085-86.
Domicile
The canon law has no independent and original theory of domicile; both the canon law and all modern civil codes borrowed this theory from the Roman law; the canon law, however, extended and perfected the Roman theory by adding thereto that of quasi-domicile.
Dominic of Prussia
A Carthusian monk and ascetical writer, born in Poland, 1382; died at the monastery of St. Alban near Trier, 1461.
Dominic of the Mother of God
A member of the Passionist Congregation and theologian, b. near Viterbo, Italy, 22 June, 1792; d. near Reading, England, 27 August, 1849.
Dominic, Saint
Founder of the Order of Preachers, commonly known as the Dominican Order; born at Calaroga, in Old Castile, c. 1170; died 6 August, 1221.
Dominical Letter
A device adopted from the Romans by the old chronologers to aid them in finding the day of the week corresponding to any given date, and indirectly to facilitate the adjustment of the "Proprium de Tempore" to the "Proprium Sanctorum" when constructing the ecclesiastical calendar for any year.
Dominican Republic
The eastern, and much larger political division of the island now comprehensively known as Haiti, which is the second in size of the Greater Antilles.
Dominicans
Covers the Order of the Friars Preachers, Dominican Sisters, and Brothers of Penitence of St. Dominic.
Dominici, Blessed Giovanni
Cardinal, statesman, and writer. (1356-1420)
Dominis, Marco Antonio de
Dalmatian ecclesiastic, apostate, and man of science, b. on the island of Arbe, off the coast of Dalmatia, in 1566; d. in the Castle of Sant' Angelo, Rome, September, 1624.
Dominus Vobiscum
An ancient form of devout salutation, incorporated in the liturgy of the Church, where it is employed as a prelude to certain formal prayers.
Domitian
Roman emperor and persecutor of the Church, son of Vespasian and younger brother and successor of the Emperor Titus; b. 24 Oct., A.D. 51, and reigned from 81 to 96.
Domnus Apostolicus
A title applied to the pope, which was in most frequent use between the sixth and the eleventh centuries.
Don Bosco, Saint
Founder of the Salesian Society. (1815-1888)
Donahoe, Patrick
Publisher, born at Munnery, County Cavan, Ireland, 17 March, 1811; died at Boston, U.S.A., 18 March, 1901.
Donatello Di Betto Bardi
One of the great Tuscan sculptors of the Renaissance, born at Florence, c. 1386; died there, 13 Dec., 1466.
Donation (in Canon Law)
The gratuitous transfer to another of some right or thing.
Donation (in Civil Law)
The gratuitous transfer, or gift, of ownership of property.
Donation of Constantine
By this name is understood, since the end of the Middle Ages, a forged document of Emperor Constantine the Great, by which large privileges and rich possessions were conferred on the pope and the Roman Church.
Donatists
The Donatist schism in Africa began in 311 and flourished just one hundred years, until the conference at Carthage in 411, after which its importance waned.
Donatus of Fiesole
Irish teacher and poet, Bishop of Fiesole, about 829-876.
Donders, Peter
Missionary among the lepers, b. at Tilburg in Holland, 27 Oct., 1807; d. 14 Jan., 1887.
Dongan, Thomas
Second Earl of Limerick, b. 1634, at Castletown Kildrought, now Celbridge, County Kildare, Ireland; d. at London, 1715.
Donlevy, Andrew
Educator, b. in 1694, probably in Sligo, Ireland; date and place of death uncertain.
Donnan, Saint
There were apparently three or four saints of this name who flourished about the seventh century.
Donner, Georg Raphael
Austrian sculptor, b. at Essling, Austria, 25 May, 1692; d. at Vienna, 15 February, 1741.
Donnet, Ferdinand-François-Auguste
A French cardinal, b. at Bourg-Argental (Loire), 1795; d. at Bordeaux, 1882.
Donoso Cortés, Juan Francesco Maria de la Saludad
Marquess of Valdegamas, author and diplomat, born 6 May, 1809, at Valle de la Serena in the province of Estremadura, Spain; died 3 May, 1853, at Paris.
Donus, Pope
Son of a Roman called Mauricius; he was consecrated Bishop of Rome 2 Nov., 676, to succeed Adeodatus II, after an interval of four months and seventeen days; d. 11 April, 678.
Doorkeeper
Denoted among the Romans the slave whose duty it was to guard the entrance of the house.
Dorchester, Abbey of
Founded in 1140 by Alexander, Bishop of Lincoln.
Dore, Pierre
Controversialist, b. at Orleans about 1500; d. at Paris, 19 May, 1559.
Doria, Andrea
Genoese admiral and statesman, b. at Oneglia, Italy, 1468; d. at Genoa, 1560.
Doring, Matthias
Historian and theologian, b. between 1390 and 1400, at Kyritz, in Brandenburg; d. there 24 July, 1469.
Dorman, Thomas
Theologian, b. at Berkhampstead, Hertfordshire, England, date uncertain; d. at Tournai, 1572 or 1577.
Dornin, Bernard
First publisher in the United States of distinctively Catholic books, b. in Ireland, 1761; d. in Ohio, 1836.
Dorsey, Anne Hanson
Novelist, born at Georgetown, District of Columbia, U.S.A., 1815; died at Washington, 26 December, 1896.
Dorylaeum
A titular see of Phrygia Salutaris, in Asia Minor.
Dositheans
Followers of Dositheus, a Samaritan who formed a Gnostic-Judaistic sect, previous to Simon Magus.
Dosquet, Pierre-Herman
Fourth Bishop of Quebec, b. at Liège, Flanders, 1691; d. at Paris, 1777.
Dossi, Giovanni
An Italian painter, b. about 1479; d. at Ferrara in 1542.
Dotti, Blessed Andrea
Born 1256, in Borgo San Sepolero, Tuscany, Italy; d. there 31 August, 1315.
Douai
The town of Douai, in the department of Nord, France, is on the River Scarpe, some twenty miles south of Lille.
Douay Bible
The original Douay Version, which is the foundation on which nearly all English Catholic versions are still based, owed its existence to the religious controversies of the sixteenth century.
Double Altar
An altar having a double front constructed in such a manner that Mass may be celebrated on both sides of it at the same time.
Double Monasteries
Religious houses comprising communities of both men and women, dwelling in contiguous establishments, united under the rule of one superior, and using one church in common for their liturgical offices.
Doubt
A state in which the mind is suspended between two contradictory propositions and unable to assent to either of them.
Douglas, Gavin
Scottish prelate and poet, born about 1474; died 1522.
Doutreleau, Stephen
Missionary, born in France, 11 October, 1693; date of death uncertain.
Dove
In Christian antiquity the dove appears as a symbol and as a Eucharistic vessel.
Dowdall, George
Archbishop of Armagh, b. at Drogheda, County Louth, Ireland, in 1487; d. at London, 15 August, 1558.
Dowdall, James
Martyr, date of birth unknown; executed for his faith at Exeter, England, 20 September, 1600.
Dower
A provision for support during life accorded by law to a wife surviving her hustand.
Dower, Religious
Because of its analogy with the dower that a woman brings to her husband when she marries, the name "religious dower" has been given to the sum of money or the property that a religious woman, or nun (religiosa) brings, for her maintenance, into the convent where she desires to make her profession.
Down and Connor
A line drawn from Whitehouse on Belfast Lough due west to the Clady River, thence by the river itself to Muckamore and Lough Neagh, marks the boundary between the Diocese of Down and the Diocese of Connor.
Downside Abbey
Near Bath, Somersetshire, England, was founded at Douai, Flanders, under the patronage of St. Gregory the Great, in 1605 by the Venerable John Roberts.
Doxology
The doxology in the form in which we know it has been used since about the seventh century all over Western Christendom, except in one corner.
Doyle, James Warren
Irish bishop; b. near New Ross, County Wexford, Ireland, 1786; d. at Carlow, 1834.
Doyle, John
Born in Dublin, Ireland, 1797; died in London, 2 January, 1868; English portrait-painter and caricaturist.
Doyle, Richard
English artist and caricaturist, b. in London, September, 1824; d. there 11 December, 1883.
Drach, David Paul
Convert from Judaism, b. at Strasburg, 6 March, 1791; d. end of January, 1868, at Rome.
Dracontius, Blossius Aemilius
A Christian poet of the fifth century.
Drane, Augusta Theodosia
In religion Mother Francis Raphael; b. At Bromley near London, in 1823; d. at Stone, Staffordshire, 19 April, 1894.
Dreams, Interpretation of
Theologians continue to admit the possibility of dreams supernatural in their origin, and consequently the possibility of dream-interpretation depending on supernatural communications.
Drechsel, Jeremias
Ascetic writer, b. at Augsburg, 15 August, 1581; entered the Society of Jesus 27 July, 1598; d. at Munich, 19 April, 1638.
Dresden
The capital of the Kingdom of Saxony and the residence of the royal family, is situated on both sides of the Elbe.
Dreves, Lebrecht Blücher
Poet, b. at Hamburg, Germany, 12 September, 1816; d. at Feldkirch, 19 Dec., 1870.
Drevet Family, The
Leading portrait engravers of France for over a hundred years, beginning with Pierre, and sustained by his son, Pierre-Imbert, and by his nephew, Claude.
Drexel, Francis Anthony
Banker, b. at Philadelphia, U.S.A., 20 June, 1824; d. there 15 Feb., 1885.
Drey, Johann Sebastian von
A professor of theology at the University of Tübingen. (1777-1853)
Drostan, Saint
A Scottish abbot who flourished about A.D. 600.
Droste-Vischering, Clemens August von
Archbishop of Cologne, born 21 Jan., 1773, at Münster, Germany; died 19 Oct., 1845, in the same city.
Druidism
Probably the best-substantiated derivation of the word is from the root vid, "to know", and the intensive prefix dru. According to this etymology, the druids would be the "very wise and learned ones".
Druillettes, Gabriel
Missionary, b. in France, 29 September, 1610; d. at Quebec, 8 April, 1681.
Drumgoole, John C.
Priest and philanthropist, b. at Granard, Co. Longford, Ireland, 15 August, 1816; d. in New York, 28 March, 1888.
Drury, Robert
Martyr (1567-1607), was born of a good Buckinghamshire family and was received into the English College at Reims, 1 April, 1588.
Druys, Jean
Thirtieth Abbot of Parc near Louvain, Belgium, b. at Cumptich, near Tirlemont; d. 25 March, 1635.
Druzbicki, Gaspar
Ascetic writer, b. at Sierady in Poland, 1589; entered the Society of Jesus, 20 August 1609; d. at Posen, 2 April, 1662.
Druzes
Small Mohammedan sect in Syria, notorious for their opposition to the Marionites, a Catholic people dwelling on the slopes of the Lebanon.
Dryburgh Abbey
A monastery belonging to the canons of the Premonstratensian Order (Norbertine or White Canons), situated four miles south-east of Melrose, Scotland.
Dryden, John
Poet, dramatist, critic, and translator; b. 9 August, 1631, at Oldwinkle All Saints, Northamptonshire, England; d. at London, 30 April, 1700.
Du Cange, Charles Dufresne
Historian and philologist, b. at Amiens, France, 18 Dec., 1610; d. at Paris, 1688.
Du Coudray, Philippe-Charles-Jean-Baptiste-Tronson
Soldier, b. at Reims, France, 8 September, 1738; d. at Philadelphia, U.S.A., 11 September, 1777.
Du Lhut Daniel Greysolon, Sieur
Born at Saint-Germain-en-Laye about 1640; died at Montreal, 26 Feb., 1710. He first served in the French army, becoming a lieutenant in 1657 and a gendarme of the King's Guard in 1664.
Dualism
Denotes the religious or theological system which would explain the universe as the outcome of two eternally opposed and coexisting principles.
Dublin
Archdiocese; occupies about sixty miles of the middle eastern coast of Ireland, and penetrates inland, about forty-six miles, including all the County of Dublin, nearly all of Wicklow, and parts of Kildare and Wexford, with three suffragans: Kildare and Leighlin, Ferns, and Ossory.
Dubois, Guillaume
A French cardinal and statesman, born at Brive, in Limousin, 1656; died at Versailles, 1723.
Dubois, Jean-Antoine
French missionary in India, b. in 1765 at St. Remèze (Ardèche); d. in Paris, 17 Feb., 1848.
Dubois, John
Third Bishop of New York, educator and missionary, b. in Paris, 24 August, 1764; d. in New York, 20 December, 1842.
Dubourg, Louis-Guillaume-Valentin
Second Bishop of Louisiana and the Floridas, Bishop of Montauban, Archbishop of Besançon. (1766-1833)
Dubric, Saint
Welsh bishop and confessor, d. 612. Also called St. Dubricius or Dyfrig.
Dubuque
Archdiocese established, 28 July, 1837, created an archbishopric, 1893, comprises that part of Iowa, U.S.A., north of Polk, Jasper, Poweshiek, Iowa, Johnson, Cedar, and Scott, and east of Kossuth, Humboldt, Webster, and Boone Counties.
Duc, Fronton du
A French theologian and Jesuit, b. at Bordeaux in 1558; d. at Paris, 25 September, 1624.
Duccio di Buoninsegna
Painter, and founder of the Sienese School, b. about 1255 or 1260, place not known; d. 3 August, 1319.
Duchesne, Philippine-Rose
Founder in America of the first houses of the society of the Sacred Heart, born at Grenoble, France, 29 August, 1769; died at St. Charles, Missouri, 18 October, 1852.
Duckett, Blessed James
Convert to Catholicism, publisher and bookseller, martyred in 1601.
Duckett, John, Venerable
A Martyr, probably a grandson of Venerable James Duckett, born at Underwinder, in the parish of Sedbergh, Yorkshire, in 1603; died 7 September, 1644.
Ducrue, Francis Bennon
Missionary in Mexico, b. at Munich, Bavaria. of French parents, 10 June 1721; d. there 30 March, 1779.
Dudik, Beda Franciscus
Moravian historian, b. at Kojetein near Kremsier, Moravia, 29 January, 1815; d. as abbot and titular bishop at the monastery of Raigern, 18 January, 1890.
Duel
This word, as used both in the ecclesiastical and civil criminal codes, generally signifies every contest with deadly weapons which takes place by agreement between two persons on account of some private quarrel.
Duffy, Sir Charles Gavan
Politician and author, b. at Monaghan, Ireland, 12 April, 1816; d. at Nice, France, 9 Feb., 1903.
Duhamel, Jean-Baptiste
A French scientist, philosopher, and theologian, b. at Vire, Normandy, 11 June, 1624; d. at Paris, 6 August, 1706.
Dulia
A theological term signifying the honour paid to the saints, while latria means worship given to God alone, and hyperdulia the veneration offered to the Blessed Virgin Mary.
Duluth
Diocese, established 3 Oct., 1889, suffragan of the Archdiocese of St. Paul.
Dumas, Jean-Baptiste
French chemist and senator, b. at Alais, department of Gard, 14 July, 1800; d. at Cannes, 10 April, 1884.
Dumetz, Francisco
Date of birth unknown; died 14 Jan., 1811. He was a native of Mallorca (Majorca), Spain, where he entered the Franciscan Order.
Dumont, Hubert-André
Belgian geologist, b. at Liège, 15 Feb., 1809; d. in the same city, 28 Feb., 1857.
Dumoulin, Charles
French jurist, b. at Paris in 1500; d. there 27 December, 1566.
Dunbar, William
Scottish poet, sometimes styled the "Chaucer of Scotland", born c. 1460.
Dunchadh, Saint
Abbot of Iona, confessor, d. 717. Also known as St. Dunichad, Duncad, or Donatus.
Dundrennan, Abbey of
In Kirkcudbrightshire, Scotland; a Cistercian house founded in 1142 by King David I and Fergus Lord of Galloway for monks brought from Rievaulx in Yorkshire.
Dunedin
Diocese comprises the provincial district of Otago (including the Otago part, Southland, and Stewart Island, as well as other adjacent islands).
Dunfermline, Abbey of
In the south-west of Fife, Scotland. Founded by King Malcolm Canmore and his queen, Margaret, about 1070, it was richly endowed by him and his sons, and remodelled as a Benedictine abbey by his successor, David I, who brought an abbot and twelve monks from Canterbury.
Dungal
Irish monk, teacher, astronomer, and poet who flourished about 820.
Dunin, Martin von
Archbishop of Gnesen and Posen, born 11 Nov., 1774, in the village of Wat near the city of Rawa, Poland; died 26 Dec., 1842.
Dunkeld
Located in Scotland, constituted, as far back as the middle of the ninth century, the primatial see of the Columban Church by King Kenneth Mac Alpine, who rebuilt there the church and monastery founded by King Constantine (afterwards destroyed by the Danes), and translated thither St. Columba's relics.
Dunkers
Tunkers, a Protestant sect thus named from its distinctive baptismal rite.
Duns Scotus, Blessed John
Called "Doctor Subtilis," Franciscan, philosopher, d. 1308.
Dupanloup, Félix-Antoine-Philibert
Bishop of Orléans, France, b. at Saint-Félix; Savoie, 2 June, 1802; d. at Lacombe, Isère, 11 October, 1878.
Duperron, Jacques-Davy
A theologian and diplomat, born 25 Nov., 1556, at St-Lô (Normandy), France; died 5 Sept., 1618.
Dupin, Louis Ellies
A theologian, born 17 June, 1657, of a noble family in Normandy; died 6 June, 1719.
Dupin, Pierre-Charles-François
French mathematician and economist. (1784-1873)
Duprat, Antoine & Guillaume
Antoine, chancellor of France and Cardinal, b. at Issoire in Auvergne, 17 January, 1463; d. 1535. Guillaume, son of the foregoing, b. at Issoire, 1507; d. at Beauregard, 1560. Appointed Bishop of Clermont in 1529.
Dupuytren, Baron Guillaume
French anatomist and surgeon. (1777-1835)
Durandus of Saint-Pourçain
Philosopher and theologian. (d. 1332)
Durandus of Troarn
French Benedictine and ecclesiastical writer, b. about 1012, at Le Neubourg near Evreux; d. 1089.
Durandus, William, the Younger
Died 1328, canonist, nephew of the famous ritualist and canonist of the same name.
Durbin, Elisha John
The "Patriarch-priest of Kentucky", born 1 February, 1800; died in 1887.
Durham
Ancient Catholic Diocese of Durham. Owing to its geographical position on the Scottish border, the successive bishops were led to assume constitutional and political functions in addition to their spiritual office.
Durham Rite
The earliest document giving an account of liturgical services in the Diocese of Durham is the so-called "Rituale ecclesiæ Dunelmensis".
Durrow, School of
Irish Dairmagh, Plain of the Oaks. Situated in the King's County, a few miles from the town of Tullamore.
Duty
The definition of the term duty given by lexicographers is: "something that is due", "obligatory service"; "something that one is bound to perform or to avoid".
Duvergier de Hauranne, Jean
One of the authors of Jansenism, b. at Bayonne, France, 1581; d. in Paris, 1643.
Duvernay, Ludger
A French-Canadian journalist and patriot, born at Verchères, Quebec, 22 January, 1799; died 28 November, 1852.
Dyck, Antoon (Anthonis) Van
Flemish portrait-painter, b. at Antwerp, 22 March, 1599; d. in London, 9 December, 1641.
Dymoke, Robert
Confessor of the Faith, date of birth uncertain; d. at Lincoln, England, 11 Sept., 1580.
Dymphna, Saint
Virgin and martyr, venerated since at least the thirteenth century.
Dynamism
A general name for a group of philosophical views concerning the nature of matter.