German philosopher, born at Munich, 1765; died 23 May, 1841.

A word which belongs to the oldest stock of the Semite vocabulary and primarily means "lord", "owner".

Town in Syria; also called Heliopolis.

The word is derived from the Babylonian bab-ilu, meaning "gate of God".

Information on the history, site, and construction of the tower.

German philosopher and theologian; vice-chancellor of the University of Salzburg; born 1660 at Teining in Bavaria; died 5 April, 1726, at the Benedictine monastery of Ettal.

French physicist. (1794-1872)

Successor of Zebinus as Bishop of Antioch in the reign of the Emperor Gordianus (238-244), being the twelfth bishop of this Oriental metropolis.

The curial title of a Latin archbishopric, also of a Chaldean patriarchate, and of a Syrian archbishopric.

Includes geography, history, and biblical references.

This meeting was rather a witenagemot, or Parliament, than an ecclesiastical synod, presided over by Wihtred, King of Kent.

Martyrs, died in the Diocletian persecution in Coele-Syria about 303.

Bishop of Corinth.

Prefect Apostolic of the Sandwich Islands. (1796-1837)

An early fifth-century writer, known only through two treatises which warrant the conjecture that he was a monk, possibly an abbot, and a Spaniard.

Catholic theological controversialist, born at Chemnitz, Saxony, about 1466.

Bibliographer, born at Antwerp, Belgium, 18 July, 1809; died at Liège, 1 December, 1873.

Ordained priest 17 March, 1832, considered the second founder of the Norbertine Abbey of Tongerloo.

First Bishop of Portland, Maine. (1813-1874)

An English Carmelite and theologian, born towards the end of the thirteenth century.

Better know under the assumed name of Southwell, a Jesuit priest and bibliographer, b. in the county of Norfolk, England, in 1598; d. at Rome, 2 Dec., 1676.

Philosopher, born at Ilchester, Somersetshire, about 1214; died at Oxford, perhaps 11 June, 1294.

This system takes its name from its founder, Francis Bacon, Lord Verulam, Viscount St. Albans, statesman and philosopher, born 22 January, 1561; died 9 April, 1626.

The Latin name Pax, or Civitas Pacensis, was given to this district because it was thought to be the Pax Julia or Pax Augusta of the Romans.

The Grand Duchy of Baden is situated in the southwestern part of the German Empire.

Cardinal, author, papal legate, born at Modena, 1483; died at Rome, 6 September, 1547.

Pioneer missionary priest of Kentucky. (1768-1853)

A Florentine Dominican of the seventeenth century.

Missionary and ethnographer. (1717-1777)

Bollandist, born at Ypres, 25 August, 1651; died at Antwerp, 27 October, 1719.

Bishop of Elvira, in the province of Baetica, Spain, from which he derived his surname; d. about 392.

Historian of the Breviary and one of the most scholarly patrologists of the nineteenth century.

Vicariate apostolic in German East Africa, separated by a pontifical Decree of 11 May, 1906, from the Vicariate Apostolic of Northern Zanzibar.

Founded on the Tigris by the second Abbaside Caliph Abou Giafar al Mansur (762 or 764) and named by him Medinet es-Selam, or City of Salvation.

A titular see of Lydia in Asia Minor.

Known as the "Deaf Man of the Barozzo", a painter of distinction, b. in Rome, 1571; d. there 1644.

A diocese situated in the district of Viterbo, Italy, and immediately subject to the Holy See.

Theologian, born at Rennes, in France, 9 July, 1591, died at Paris, 23 August, 1664.

Convert, priest, prisoner for the Faith, and a prominent figure in the controversies between Catholic priests and the reign of Elizabeth.

The most northerly group of the West Indies.

Controversialist, died c. 1657.

A French-Canadian bishop. (1798-1870)

French author. (1649-1706)

French missionary to Canadian Indians. (1612-1692)

A Catholic clergyman, b. in Yorkshire, England; d. at Douai, France, 7 October, 1591.

Archbishop of York, and Cardinal. (1464-1514)

Titular Bishop of Siga. (1787-1843)

Bishop of Lichfield and Coventry, England, b. at Knowsthorp, Yorks, date of birth uncertain; d. 18 November, 1559.

Composer, born in Rome, 21 October, 1775; died there 21 May, 1844.

Irish monk and associate of St. Columba. (d. 600)

Theologian and author of a system known as Baianism. (1513-1589)

Comprises Wasco, Klamath, Lake, Sherman, Gilliam, Wheeler, Morrow, Grant, Union, Crook, Umatilla, Wallowa, Baker, Harney, and Malheur counties in the State of Oregon, U.S.A.

Benedictine mystic and ascetic writer. (1575-1641)

American priest and convert. (1820-1865)

English Jesuit martyr. (1616-1679)

Cardinal and statesman, b. about 1442, in the village of Erdoed, county Szatmar, Northeastern Hungary; d. 15 June, 1521.

The derivation of the name is uncertain. Dr. Neubauer would connect it with the god Ammo or Ammi, as though Balaam belonged to a people whose god or lord was Ammo or Ammi.

A titular see of Syria.

Memorials of a St. Balbina are to be found at Rome in three different spots which are connected with the early Christian antiquities of that city.

A Jesuit historian of Bohemia. (1621-1688)

Explorer, discoverer of the Pacific Ocean from the west coast of Central America. (1475-1517)

A Spanish poet, born in Val de Peñas, 1568; died in Porto Rico, 1627.

Humanist, poet, diplomatist, and Bishop of Gurk in Carinthia, b. about 1450 at Venice; d. there, probably 1535.

A dome-like canopy in wood, stone, or metal, erected over the high altar of larger churches, generally supported on four columns, though sometimes suspended by chains from the roof.

A German poet. (1604-1668)

Bishop of Dol, in France, chronicler, b. about 1050; d. 7 January, 1130.

A monk of Liège, a writer and teacher of the twelfth century, b. date unknown, at Florennes in Belgium; d. about 1157.

An Italian poet and savant, b. at Urbino, 5 June, 1553; d. at the same place, 10 October, 1617.

Entered the Society of Jesus 21 April, 1681, and was ordained priest 28 October, 1695.

A notable Florentine painter, b. in Florence, 14 October, 1427; d. there, 29 August, 1499.

Includes two people by this name.

Known as Grien or Grun, from his fondness for brilliant green, both in his own costume and in his pictures, a vigorous and distinguished painter, engraver, and draughtsman on wood, b. at Gmund, Swabia, about 1476; d. at Strasburg, 1545.

Archbishop of Trier and Elector of the Holy Roman Empire, born 1285; died 1354.

Thirty-ninth Archbishop, a native of Exeter, date of birth unknown; d. 19 Nov., 1190.

Jurist. (1520-1573)

A group in the western part of the Mediterranean belonging to Spain and consisting of four larger islands, Majorca, Minorca, Iviza, and Formentera, and eleven smaller islands of rocky formation.

Priest and martyr, b. at Coniscliffe near Darlington, County Durham, England, about 1564; executed 4 March, 1590.

Born in Dublin 9 January, 1794; died 19 May, 1861; foundress of the Irish Branch of the Institute of the Blessed Virgin Mary.

One of the three suffragan dioceses of the ecclesiastical province of Melbourne, Australia.

Jesuit theologian. (1805-1881)

Celebrated theologians and canonists, the sons of a distinguished surgeon of Verona.

A Franciscan theologian, born at Genera, date uncertain; d. 23 February, 1439.

Philosopher and publicist, b. at Vich, Spain, 28 August, 1810; d. there, 9 July, 1848.

Balsam is an oily, resinous, and odorous substance, which flows spontaneously or by incision from certain plants, and which the Church mixes with olive oil for use as chrism.

A canonist of the Greek Church, born in the second half of the twelfth century at Constantinople; died there, after 1195.

The Greek and Latin name for Belshazzar, which is the Hebrew equivalent for Bel­sarra­usur, i.e., "May Bel protect the king".

History includes colonial and American periods.

Provides details of three councils held in 1852, 1866, and 1884.

These councils have a unique importance for the Church in the United States, inasmuch as the earlier ones legislated for practically the whole territory of the Republic, and furnished moreover a norm for all the later provincial councils of the country.

Theologian, born at Metz, 8 June, 1667; died at Reims, 9 March, 1743.

A French cardinal, b. probably c. 1421, in Poitou; d. 5 October, 1491, at Ripatransone.

French scholar and historian. (1630-1718)

Priest and martyr, b. at the Moor, Poulton-le-Fylde, Lancashire; executed at Lancaster 7 August, 1646.

Includes history and statistics for the Archdiocese of Bamberg, in the kingdom of Bavaria.

The name of several men mentioned in the Bible.

Born at Valence, 1628; died at Avignon, 1685.

Writer, born at Castelnuovo di Scrivia in Piedmont, Italy, in 1480; died Bishop of Agen, France, in 1565.

Archaeologist and numismatologist. (1671-1743)

Spanish Dominican theologian. (1528-1604)

Diocese; anciently known as Bangor Vawr, situated in Carnarvonshire on the Menai Straits.

The name of two famous monastic establishments in Ireland and England.

The codex, found by Muratori in the Ambrosian Library at Milan.

Brothers and writers from Kilkenny, Ireland.

The Diocese of Banjaluka in Western Bosnia.

Earlier English terms, bankruptship, bankrupture.

Bankruptcy must be considered not only from the legal but also from the moral point of view; for sound morality prescribes that debts must be paid.

In general the ecclesiastical announcement of the names of persons contemplating marriage.

Jesuit missionary and educator. (1815-1887)

One of the Seven Sacraments of the Christian Church; frequently called the "first sacrament", the "door of the sacraments", and the "door of the Church".

A basin or vase, serving as a receptacle for baptismal water in which the candidate for baptism is immersed, or over which he is washed, in the ceremony of Christian initiation.

The name popularly given to the renunciations required of an adult candidate for baptism just before the sacrament is conferred.

Carmelite and Renaissance poet, born at Mantua, 17 April, 1447, where he also died, 22 March, 1516.

Ascetical writer. (1458-1527)

The separate building in which the Sacrament of Baptism was once solemnly administered, or that portion of the church-edifice later set apart for the same purpose.

I. Hermits of St. John the Baptist. II. Missionaries of St. John the Baptist. III. Sisterhood of St. John the Baptist.

A Protestant denomination which exists chiefly in English speaking countries and owes its name to its characteristic doctrine and practice regarding baptism.

A Jacobite Syrian bishop, philosopher, poet, grammarian, physician, Biblical commentator, historian, and theologian. (1226-1286)

Jacobite bishop and writer. (813-903)

The deliverer of the Israelites from the power of the Chanaanites under the judgeship of Debbora.

A Syrian Monophysite bishop, born in Tella, towards the end of the fifth or the beginning of the sixth century, died in 578.

First Bishop of Marquette, Michigan, U.S.A. (1797-1868)

A French Orientalist, born at Bourges during the first quarter of the seventeenth century; died in 1706 at Paris.

Foundress of the Society of the Sacred Heart, born at Joigny, Burgundy, 12 December, 1779; died in Paris, 24 May, 1865.

A secular priest and writer.

A titular see of Mesopotamia.

Virgin and Martyr.

Italian Cardinal, nephew of Blessed Gregorio Barbarigo (1625-97), born in 1658 at Venice; died in 1730.

Suffragan diocese of the Spanish province of Huesca.

Styled the "apostle of Philadelphia", b. at Luneville, Province of Alsace, France, 30 May, 1808; d. in Philadelphia, 8 June, 1869.

Daniel Barber, soldier of the Revolution, Episcopalian minister and convert. (1756-1834) Virgil Horace Barber, son of Daniel. (1782-1847)

A famous painter of religious subjects. (1591-1666)

A noted canonist, b. at Guimaraens, Portugal, in 1589; consecrated in Rome, 22 March, 1649, Bishop of Ugento in Otranto, Italy, died seven months later.

A Portuguese historian, born at Lisbon in 1686; died in 1734.

Scottish ecclesiastic and author of "The Bruce", a historical poem in the early Scottish or Northern English dialect, b. about 1320; d. 1395.

Italian philosopher and theologian, died at Cremona, 4 August, 1494.

A titular see of Cyrenaica in Northern Africa.

One of the suffragan dioceses of the Archdiocese of Tarragona.

An outgrowth of the ecclesiastical schools founded in the eleventh century.

A Jesuit, native of Bacza in Andalusia, Spain. (1528-1598)

Author of the political novel "Argenis" and other Latin works in prose and verse. (1582-1621)

Scottish jurist, b. 1546; d. at Angers, France, 3 July, 1608.

A secular priest, in 1572 accompanied as chaplain, the expedition of Juan Ortiz de Zárate to the Rio de La Plata.

French theologian of the Jansenist School. (1600-1678)

An English soldier and diplomat, b. 1604; d. 1660.

Syrian Gnostic or, more correctly, a Syrian poet, astrologist, and philosopher, d. 222, at Edessa.

An archdiocese situated in the province of the same name, in Apulia, Southern Italy.

False prophet mentioned in the New Testament.

Priest and martyr, born about 1572 in Lincolnshire; executed at Tyburn 27 February, 1601.

Principal characters of an ancient Christian legend.

Sometimes called Barlete, De Barolo, or Barolus.

Founded in 1154 in honour of Our Lady by Ralph de Haye who had given some lands to the Abbot of Newhouse.

Priest and martyr, b. at Barlow Hall, 1585; d. 10 September, 1641.

Third son of Sir Alexander Barlow of Barlow Hall, date of birth uncertain; d. at Douai, 19 Sept., 1656.

Friar Minor and missionary, d. 1474 or 1477.

Originally Joseph, styled an Apostle in Holy Scripture, and, like St. Paul, ranked by the Church with the Twelve, though not one of them.

Contains no clue to its author nor to those for whom it was intended.

The popular name of a religious order which is canonically known by the title, given to it by Pope Paul III in 1535, of Regular Clerics of St. Paul.

Italian painter and engraver. (1528-1612)

A debased application to architecture of Renaissance features.

Irish Franciscan theologian, philosopher, and writer of Latin prose and verse. (1610-1696)

Dominican theologian and preacher. (1604-1674)

Cardinal and ecclesiastical historian. (1538-1607)

Diocese in Venezuela, South America.

A Portuguese exegete and preacher, born at Lisbon in 1543; died at Coimbra in 1615.

Archbishop of Tours, France, born 26 April, 1746, at Grenoble; died 7 June, 1816, at Paris.

French palæontologist. (1799-1883)

Born at Lima, Peru, early in the seventeenth century; died there, 22 Nov., 1704.

Tenth French Governor-General of Canada, b. at Paris in 1622; d. in 1690.

A Portuguese Jesuit missionary, born at Lisbon, 1531; died 1612.

Spanish Dominican bishop, patriot, and diplomat. (1382-1469)

Irish missionary. (1801-1854)

Historian, b. in Portugal, 1496; d. 20 October, 1570.

Priest, descended from a family of stanch Catholic yeomen. (1735-1811)

An English Jesuit martyr, born in Lancashire, in 1609, died 30 June, 1679.

Controversialist and publicist, born at Villeneuve de Berg (Ardeche); 2 October, 1741; died at Paris, 5 October, 1820.

U.S. Navy Captain. (1745-1803)

Second Bishop of Savannah. (1799-1859)

Horticulturist. (1816-1890)

A member of the Society of Jesus, born at Leucate in 1587; died at Avignon, 28 July, 1661.

A German canonist. (1697-1771)

French numismatologist and writer, b. at Cassis (Provence), 1716; d. in Paris, 1795.

Friar Minor and chronicler, died c. 1372.

Thirteenth-century Franciscan encyclopedist.

Also called Bartholomaeus Parvus (the Little), born at Bologna, year not known; died 15 August, 1333.

Born at Verdela, near Lisbon, May, 1514; died at Viana, 16 July, 1590.

Born about 1200; died 1 July, 1271.

Italian canonist, b. probably in the second half of the twelfth century at Brescia; d. 1258.

Syrian apologist and polemical writer.

Historian, b. about 1227 at Lucca; d. about 1327.

Friar Minor and chronicler.

Canonist, and man of letters, b. at San Concordia, near Pisa about 1260; d. at Pisa, 11 June, 1347.

Massacre of Protestants which occurred in Paris on 24 August, 1572 (the feast of St. Bartholomew), and in the provinces of France during the ensuing weeks.

One of the Twelve Apostles.

The name given to Armenian monks who sought refuge in Italy after the invasion of their country by the Sultan of Egypt in 1296.

Historian and littérateur, born at Ferrara, 12 February, 1608; died in Rome, 12 January, 1685.

A Cistercian monk and learned Hebrew scholar, b. at Celleno in the old kingdom of Naples, 1 April, 1613; d. at Rome, 19 October, 1687.

Italian Dominican painter (1475-1517)

An engraver, etcher, and painter, b. at Florence, 1727; d. at Lisbon, 1815.

Born probably in 1506; executed at Tyburn, 20 April, 1534; called the "Nun of Kent".

The disciple of Jeremiah, and the traditional author of the deuto-canonical book, which bears his name.

Polish-American priest (1838-1899)

A sculpture executed upon and attached to a flat surface.

Bishop and Martyr.

Bishop and ecclesiastical writer, date of birth uncertain; d., probably, between 458 and 460.

Bishop of Caesarea. Born probably 329; died 1 January, 379.

Several Oriental liturgies, or at least several anaphoras, have been attributed to the great St. Basil, Bishop of Cæsarea in Cappadocia from 370 to 379.

St. Basil drew up his Rule for the members of the monastery he founded about 356 on the banks of the Iris in Cappadocia.

Priests of the Community of St. Basil.

The term can indicate either the architectural style of a church, or its canonical status.

The earliest of the Alexandrian Gnostics, a native of Alexandria and flourished under the Emperors Adrian and Antoninus Pius, about 120-140.

Martyrs bearing this name are mentioned in the old martyrologies on three different days, namely, on 10, 12, and 28 June.

A titular see of Asia Minor.

Various female martyrs, attributed to different localities yet bearing this name, are referred to in all the catalogues of martyrs both of early Christianity and of the Middle Ages.

Extensively used in the Jewish Ritual and were in early use in Christian churches for ablutions and to receive lamp-drippings.

Convoked by Pope Martin V in 1431, closed at Lausanne in 1449.

Composed of the two Dioceses of Basle and Lugano which are united only by having a bishop in common.

The birthplace of St. Gonsalo Garcia, the only Indian saint, who was a companion of St. Philip de las Casas, the first native of America to be canonized.

Convert and controversialist, Master of Sidney Sussex College, born about 1641, at Lynn Regis, where his father was a merchant; died in London, in 1720.

Founder of the Capuchins. (1495-1552)

Bishop of Ephesus (444-448).

A French economist, b. at Mugron, a small city in the Department of Landes, 29 June, 1801; d. at Rome, 24 December, 1850.

A French theologian, b. at Rouen, 29 November, 1741; d. at Saint-Laurent, 26 September, 1825.

A mountainous district of South Africa, bounded on the north and west by the Orange River Colony, on the easy by Natal, and on the south by Cape Colony.

Vicariate Apostolic of Batavia.

The first religious house in Bath was a monastery of nuns founded by King Osric, A.D. 676.

Ancient diocese coextensive with the county of Somerset, England.

Please contact webmaster@newadvent.org if an ad appears here that contradicts Catholic teachings. William Bathe Writer on music and education, b. at Dublin, Ireland, 2 April, 1564; d. at Madrid, 17 June, 1614.

Wife of King Clovis II. (d. 680)

Diocese situated in New South Wales, Australia, in the ecclesiastical Province of Sydney.

A historian of the councils, b. at Rimini, Italy, 25 March, 1645; d. at Cesena, 19 September, 1717.

Abbé and writer on philosophy and aesthetics, b. near Vouziers, France, 6 May, 1713; d. at Paris, 14 July, 1780.

Original name, Jehuda Jona Ben-Isaac.

Founded by William the Conqueror on the site of the Battle of Senlae or Hastings (1066).

German physician, novelist, and poet, b. at Thannhausen in Swabian Bavaria, 3 March, 1809; d. at the same place, 8 February, 1883.

Regular Canon and economist, b. at Amboise, France, 25 April, 1730; d. in 1792.

Italian missionary born 1692. Entered the Society of Jesus in France at the age of twenty-one, arrived in Louisiana in 1728.

Swiss poet and writer. (1841-1910)

A Swiss statesman, b. 18 October, 1797, at Altstätten, Switzerland; d. 12 July, 1869, at St. Gallen.

Educator, b. at Bellgarde (Loiret), France, in 1828.

Theologian, b. in 1564 at Mouzon, Ardennes, France; d. 3 December, 1649, at Saint Pol de Léon.

A French cardinal, writers, and statesman. (1748-1824)

Philosopher and theologian. (1796-1867)

Franciscan, who taught theology and metaphysics at the convent of St. Francis of Mexico.

Named after the German tribe called Boiarii.

An English Jesuit, born at Cornwall, 1563; died at St.-Omer, 28 September, 1632.

Eldest daughter of Andrew Parmentier, b. in Belgium, 4 July, 1814, and d. in Brooklyn, New York, 22 January, 1892.

Born at Saragossa, 9 March, 1734; died Madrid, 4 August, 1795, a distinguished religious and historical painter.

Coextensive with the Department of Calvados, is suffragan to the Archbishopric of Rouen.

First Bishop of Newark, New Jersey, U.S.A.; eighth Archbishop of Baltimore, Maryland. (1814-1877)

Jesuit mathematician and scientist. (1816-1892)

Diocese comprising the Department of Basses-Pyrenees.

An Italian canonist, b. about the middle of the thirteenth century of a noble Ghibelline family; d. at Avignon, 10 August, 1313.

Third Bishop of Vincennes (now the Diocese of Indianapolis). (1796-1848)

Beads variously strung together, according to the kind, order, and number of prayers in certain forms of devotion, are in common use among Catholics as an expedient to ensure a right count of the parts occurring in more or less frequent repetition.

Among the Jews, as among most Oriental peoples, the beard was especially cherished as a symbol of virility; to cut off another man's beard was an outrage.

English artist, born at Brighton, 1872; died at Mentone, France, 16 March, 1898.

The immediate knowledge of God which the angelic spirits and the souls of the just enjoy in Heaven.

According to some writers the origin in the Catholic Church is to be traced back to the ancient pagan apotheosis.

Name given to the place where the "Sermon on the Mount", was delivered.

The solemn blessings which mark the opening of the Sermon on the Mount.

Cardinal, Archbishop of St. Andrews, b. 1494; d. 29 May, 1546.

Scottish Archbishop. (1473-1539)

Archbishop of Glasgow. (1517-1603)

Seven people with this name are described.

Countess of Richmond and Derby, b. 1441; d. 1509, daughter and heiress of John Beaufort, first Duke of Somerset.

A Cistercian house in Hampshire, one of the three monasteries founded by King John (c. 1204) and peopled by thirty monks from Cîteaux.

A French Bishop, b. in 1527, at Tours; d. 1606 in Paris.

French pulpit orator. (1733-1794)

Soldier, b. near New Orleans, Louisiana, U.S.A., 28 May, 1818; d. there 20 February, 1893.

A suffragan diocese of the archiepiscopal See of Reims.

Jesuit writer and preacher, born at Mans, France, 7 July, 1693; died probably at Paris about 1773.

A French bishop, b. at Cherbourg, 17 October, 1731; d. at Paris, 4 April, 1790.

Sent to France, committed to the care of his godfather, the Abbé Sicard, the well-known educator of the deaf and dumb.

The Benedictine Abbey of Bec, or Le Bec, in Normandy, was founded in the earlier part of the eleventh century by Herluin, a Norman knight who about 1031 left the court of Count Gilbert of Brionne to devote himself to a life of religion.

Controversialist, born at Hilvarenbeck, Brabant, Holland, 6 January, 1563; died at Vienna, 24 January, 1624.

Physicist. (1716-1781)

Patriarch of Constantinople in the second half of the thirteenth century, one of the few Greek ecclesiastics who were sincerely in favour of reunion with the Church of Rome.

English Benedictine abbot and martyr; date of birth unknown; d. at Colchester, England, l December, 1539.

Studied theology at Jena, then medicine at Göttingen, obtained the degree of doctor in 1799.

Sixth Bishop of Savannah, Georgia, U.S.A.

Martyr, Archbishop of Canterbury, died at Canterbury, 29 December, 1170.

Twenty-second General of the Society of Jesus, born at Sichem, Belgium, 8 February, 1795; died at Rome, 4 March, 1887.

French physicist, b. at Chatillon-sur-Loing (Loiret), 7 March, 1788; d. at Paris, 18 January, 1878.

French-Canadian lawyer and member of the Assembly of Lower Canada, b. at Charlesbourg near Quebec, 13 November, 1762; d. at Three Rivers, 26 April 1829.

The old English word bede (Anglo-Saxon bed) means a prayer, though the derivative form, gebed, was more common in this sense in Anglo-Saxon literature.

Historian and Doctor of the Church, born 672 or 673; died 735.

Medical writer and teacher. (1806-1870)

Writer and educator. (1816-1903)

Superioress of the English Institute of Mary. (1616-1704)

Knight; b. 1509; d. 1583.

Italian Cardinal and diplomat. (1806-1864)

A London hospital originally intended for the poor suffering from any ailment and for such as might have no other lodging, hence its name, Bethlehem, in Hebrew, the "house of bread."

Exegete and Orientalist. (1807-1884)

The Moabite divinity who ruled over Phogor.

Provides an Old and a New Testament definition.

Martyr, also spelled Bisley.

Composer. (1770-1827)

A canonist who lived at the end of the seventeenth century.

As early as the commencement of the twelfth century there were women in the Netherlands who lived alone, and without taking vows devoted themselves to prayer and good works.

Known also as Albertus Bohemus.

A German cartographer and navigator. (1459-1507)

In Phoenicia, a titular Latin see, and the residential see of several prelates of Oriental rites.

Diocese in Portugal, suffragan of Evora.

Born about 1614; died 1689, a loyal Catholic English nobleman, second son of Thomas first Lord Fauconberg. His mother was Barbara, daughter of Sir Henry Cholmondeley of Roxby, Yorkshire.

A Franciscan martyr in the reign of Henry VIII, date of birth uncertain; d. 3 August 1537.

In South America, formerly (after 4 March, 1719) a suffragan diocese of Bahia (San Salvador), but raised to metropolitan rank 3 May, 1906.

The upper part of the tower or steeple of a church, for the reception of the bells; or a detached tower containing bells, as the campanile of the Italians.

Information on the history, education, and cemeteries of the country.

Titular (united) sees of Servia.

Italian Jesuit and natural philosopher. (1704-1789)

Found frequently as a personal name in the Vulgate and various English translations of the Bible, is commonly used as a synonym of Satan, or the personification of evil.

That state of the mind by which it assents to propositions, not by reason of their intrinsic evidence, but because of authority.

French prelate and writer, b. in Besançon early in the seventeenth century; d. 29 April, 1677.

A small bell placed on the credence or in some other convenient place on the epistle side of the altar.

The triple Hail Mary recited in the evening, which is the origin of our modern Angelus, was closely associated with the ringing of a bell.

Friar Minor and English martyr. (1590-1643)

Priest and martyr, b. at Warrington in Lancashire, England, probably about 1520; d. 20 April, 1584.

A sympathizer with Mary Queen of Scots.

Barnabite theologian, b. at Castelnuovo, Italy, in 1552; d. at Milan, 27 August, 1630.

A distinguished Jesuit theologian, writer, and cardinal, born at Montepulciano, 4 October, 1542; died 17 September, 1621.

Serjeant-at-Law, b. 14 October, 1800; d. 24 January, 1873.

Jesuit ascetic author, born at Freiburg im Breisgau, 15 February, 1704; died at Augsburg, 27 April, 1757.

A Scotch poet, b. at Haddington or Berwick in the latter part of the fifteenth century; d. at Rome, c. 1587.

Diocese comprising part of southern Illinois.

Coextensive with the civil department of Ain and a suffragan of the Archbishopric of Besançon.

Irish historian, b. near Dublin early in the seventeenth century; d. in 1677.

Giacomo (Jacopo) Bellini, father of Gentile and Giovanni Bellini. Teacher of his sons who were the chief founders of the Venetian school of painting.

Cardinal-Archbishop of Paris. (1709-1808)

Article covers origin, benediction, uses, archaeology and inscriptions, and points of law.

Anciently called Bellunum, the metropolis of the province of that name in Venetia, Italy, is situated on a hill between the torrent of Ardo and the River Piave.

Fifth superior of the Sulpicians at Montreal, b. at Grenoble, France, 1645; d. 1732.

Martyr, b. at Brill in Oxfordshire, England, dated uncertain; d. 5 July 1589.

Bishop of Marseilles. (1671-1755)

An Egyptian explorer, b. at Padua, Italy, in 1778. d. Gato, Africa, 3 Dec., 1823.

Italian scholar and Cardinal, b. of a noble family at Venice, 20 May, 1470; d. at Rome, 18 January, 1547.

Prefecture Apostolic in Africa.

Chief founder of the Maurist Congregation of the Benedictine Order, b. at Nevers, 1573; d. at Paris, 1620.

Archbishop of Goa in the Portuguese Indies.

An adaptation of the sanctuary guard or altar rail.

A titular see of Albania.

An English monastic founder, born of a noble Anglo-Saxon family, c. 628; died 12 January 690.

A Roman and the son of Boniface, and was called Bonosus by the Greeks.

Date of birth unknown; died 8 May, 685; was a Roman, and the son of John.

Date of birth unknown; d. 17 April, 858.

A Roman and the son of Mammalus, became pope in the first half of 900.

The nephew of his two immediate predecessors.

Born 26 March, 1748 at Amettes in the Diocese of Boulogne, France; died in Rome 16 April, 1783.

Benedict Levita (of Mainz), or Benedict the Deacon, is the name given to himself by the author of a forged collection of capitularies which appeared in the ninth century.

Originally known as Witiza, son of the Goth, Aigulf.

Founder of western monasticism, born at Nursia, c. 480; died at Monte Cassino, 543.

Abbot and writer, place and date of birth unknown; d. 1193.

Born at San Philadelphio or San Fradello, a village of the Diocese of Messina in Sicily, in 1526; d. 4 April, 1589.

Date of birth unknown; died 4 July, 965.

Benedict, Cardinal-Deacon of St. Theodore, a Roman and the son of Hildebrand, was elected as the successor of John XIII.

Date of birth unknown; d. c. October, 983.

The first of the Tusculan popes. Date of birth unknown; d. 9 April, 1024.

The bearer of this name was an antipope in the days of Nicholas II, 1056-61.

Born at Treviso, Italy, 1240; died at Perugia, 7 July, 1304.

Third of the Avignon popes. (1334-1342)

Reigned 1724-1730.

Reigned 1740-58.

A medal, originally a cross, dedicated to the devotion in honour of St. Benedict.

This work holds the first place among monastic legislative codes, and was the most important factor in the organization and spread of monasticism in the West.

Tradition, as well as manuscripts dating as far back as the tenth century, ascribe its foundation in the year 740, to three brothers of noble birth, named Lanfrid, Wulfram, and Eliland, acting under the influence of St. Boniface, who was then preaching the Faith in Bavaria.

A Franciscan theologian of the sixteenth century belonging to the Observantine Province of Tours and Poitiers.

Comprises monks living under the Rule of St. Benedict, and commonly known as "black monks".

It is ordinarily an afternoon or evening devotion and consists in the singing of certain hymns, or litanies, or canticles, before the Blessed Sacrament, which is exposed upon the altar in a monstrance and is surrounded with lights.

A book containing a collection of benedictions or blessings in use in the Church.

A medieval Friar Minor missionary and traveller. (c. 1245)

One of the three great canticles in the opening chapters of this Gospel, the other two being the Magnificat and Nunc dimittis.

Popularly the term is often understood to denote either certain property destined for the support of ministers of religion, or a spiritual office or function, such as the care of souls.

The exemption from the jurisdiction of the secular courts, which in England, in the Middle Ages, was accorded to clergymen.

Friar Minor Capuchin and historical writer, d. in 1774.

The principal city of the province of the same name in Campania.

Archbishop of Upsala, Sweden, b. 1417; d. in 1467.

A martyr of the French Commune. (1824-1871)

Martyr honoured as the patron saint and first herald of Christianity of Dijon.

Date of birth unknown; d. 467, son of Sesenen, an Irish chieftain in that part of Ireland which is now County Meath.

Vicariate Apostolic on the coast of Benin.

The youngest son of Jacob born of Rachel.

German theologian and historical writer. (1790-1859)

Bishop of Osnabrück.

Born at Autun (or Dijon), France, 8 October, 1715; died at Peking, 23 October, 1774, a Jesuit scientist, for thirty years in the service of Kien Lung, Emperor of China.

English jurist and reformer. (1748-1832)

Originally from the castle of that name in the neighbourhood of Bologna, Italy. They claimed descent from Enzio (c. 1224-72), King of Sardinia, a natural son of Frederick II.

English architect. (1839-1902)

An English Jesuit priest born in Cheshire, 1609; died 30 October, 1692.

Founder of the Catholic publishing house that bears his name. (1762-1841)

Writer, born at Milan about 1519.

Of Termonbarry, d. 595; a disciple of St. Kevin and a celebrated Irish saint.

Friar Minor and martyr; d. 16 January, 1220.

Canonist. (1719-1768)

A writer of church history, b. 22 November, 1720, at Briey, Lorraine; d. about 1794 at Noyon, France.

Abbot of Hautvillers in Champagne. (636-696)

French Benedictine. (1290-1362)

Born at Diest in Brabant, 13 March, 1599; died at Rome, 13 August, 1621.

Abbot of the Benedictine Monastery of Engelberg in Switzerland; date of birth unknown; d. 3 November, 1197.

Franciscan Friar and missionary. (1385-1450)

Born at Tours about 999; died on the island of St. Cosme, near that city, in 1088.

A French writer who flourished about the middle of the twelfth century.

A titular see of Egypt which was situated at the end of Major Syrtis where Bengazi stands today.

The city, called by the ancients Bergonum, is capital of the province of that name in Lombardy.

The diocese included the Provinces of Nordre and Sondre Bergenhus, and the district of Sondmor in the Province of Romsdal.

French theologian. (1715-1790)

Confessor, first Bishop of Dorchester, died 3 December, 650.

Titular Bishop of Hiero-Caesarea, b. at Stock, Essex, England, 1748; d. 8 June, 1798.

Catholic writer. (1743-1827)

Confessor c. 1588.

A titular see of Pontus Polemoniacus, in Asia Minor.

Mexican bibliographer, b. in Puebla, Mexico, 22 May, 1756; d. at Mexico, 23 March, 1817.

Dogmatic theologian. (1805-1881)

Archbishop of Bordeaux. (1375-1457)

Bishop of Panama, b. at Berlanga in Spain, date uncertain; d. there 8 August, 1551.

Capital of the German Empire and of the Kingdom of Prussia.

French composer. (1803-1869)

Spanish theologian. (1587-1642)

Bishop and Inquisitor. (1261-1331)

Friar Minor and chronicler, a native of Aquitaine, date of birth uncertain.

Friar Minor Capuchin and Scotist theologian, born at Bologna, 17 December, 1701; died 19 February, 1768.

Generally called Parmensis from his birthplace, Parma in Italy, a noted canonist of the thirteenth century.

Born in 1090, at Fontaines, near Dijon, France; died at Clairvaux, 21 August, 1153.

A Benedictine monk of the first half of the twelfth century, poet, satirist, and hymn-writer, author of "On the Contempt of the World".

A canonist of the early thirteenth century.

Dominican theologian, controversialist, and Inquisitor. (d. 1535)

Born in 923, probably in the castle Menthon near Annecy, in Savoy; died at Novara, 1008.

Canonist and bishop. (d. 1213)

Founder of the congregation of the Blessed Virgin of Monte Oliveto, born at Siena in Tuscany in 1272; died in 1348.

Bishop of St. Hyacinth.

French ecclesiastic. (1588-1641)

French physiologist. (1813-1878)

Archbishop of Vienne. (778-842)

Friar Minor and missionary. (1439-1494)

Historian and ascetical writer. (1420-1503)

Friar Minor, missionary, and reformer, often called the "Apostle of Italy".

Title of certain sisters of the order of Cîteaux who at the end of the sixteenth and in the seventeenth century, made energetic efforts to restore the primitive observance of their rule.

Article provides religious and historic information.

An Italian comic poet, b. at Lamporecchio (Florence) 1497 or 1498; d. at Florence, 26 May, 1535.

French Bishop. (1762-1806)

Son of Giovanni Lorenzo Bernini.

Italian architect and sculptor. (1598-1680)

A Capuchin missionary and Orientalist, b. near Carignan in Piedmont; d. in Hindustan in 1753.

A French cardinal and statesman, b. 1715 at Saint-Marcel-d'Ardèche; d. at Rome, 1794.

Apostle of the Obotrites, in the latter half of the twelfth century.

Famous as orator, poet, philosopher, and musician, born (date unknown) at Prum near Trier; d. 7 June, 1048.

Historian and theologian, b. in Swabia about 1054; d. at Schaffhausen, 16 September, 1100.

German bishop (d. 1022)

A titular see of Macedonia, at the foot of Mount Bermios.

The name of a native historian of Babylonia and a priest of the great god Bel (Bel-Marduk).

A city in Chanaan, one of the confederation of cities under the headship of Gabaon.

Italian painter, architect, and writer, b. at Cortona, in Tuscany, 1 November, 1596; d. at Rome, 16 May, 1669.

For his mastery of the arts of painting, sculpture, and architecture, sometimes called the Spanish Michelangelo, b. at Paredes de Nava, in Castile, about 1480; d. at Toledo, 1561.

Entered the Society of Jesus in 1697. Wrote "A History of the People of God," published in three parts.

French advocate, orator, and statesman. (1790-1868)

A town on the southern extremity of Palestine.

Article includes five women with this name.

A Jesuit professor and writer, born at Issoudun, 1704; died at Bourges, 1782.

Bishop, Apostle of the Livonians, killed 24 July, 1198, in a crusade against the pagan Livonians who threatened destruction to all Christians that lived in their territory.

German bishop and theological writer. (1465-1543)

Archbishop and Elector of Mainz, b. 1441; d. 21 December, 1504.

Franciscan of the monastery of that city and the most powerful preacher of repentance in the thirteenth century, b. about 1210; d. at Ratisbon, 14 December, 1272.

Benedictine monk and chronicler of the Abbey of Reichenau on the Lake of Constance; d. probably in 1088.

Italian theologian, b. 28 May, 1696, at Sarravezza, Tuscany; d. 26 March, 1766, at Pisa.

Abbot of St. Omer. (615-709)

Anciently called Forum Truentinorum, and, at the time of the Gothic war, Petra Honorii, whence the present name, is a small city in Romagna, province of Forli, Italy.

Italian missionary. (1552-1625)

Canonized by Clement X in 1671. Feast is observed on 10 October.

Article covers a French Cardinal, theologian, and canonist, b. 1280 at Annonay in Vivarais, and a French cardinal, nephew of the foregoing, whose name he adopted, b. in 1279, at Colombier in Vivarais.

Abbot of Bobbio. (d. 639)

Cardinal, and founder of the French congregation of the Oratory. (1575-1629)

A French priest, founder of charitable institutions. (1795-1865)

Archdiocese coextensive with the departments of Doubs, Haute-Saône, and the district of Belfort.

Born at Linz, 1726; died 1781.

Jesuit missionary in Canada. (1630-1711)

Though primarily a missionary, better know as one of the classical writers of Tamil literature. (1680-1746)

Describes two people known by this name.

A Jansenist writer, b. at Paris, 1686; d. 1763.

A German jurist and publicist. (1577-1638)

Cardinal; b. at Trebizond, d. at Ravenna 18 November, 1472.

Benedictine, abbot, and historian. (1672-1749)

Miscellaneous author. (1768-1836)

Medieval books on animals, in which the real or fabulous characteristics of actually existent or imaginary animals (such as the griffin, dragon, siren, unicorn, etc.) were figuratively treated as religious symbols of Christ, the devil, the virtues and vices.

A Dominican missionary, d. at Valladolid, Sept., 1549.

A Franciscan missionary, b. at Betanzos in Galicia; d. at Chomez, Nicaragua, 1570.

Composed the first catechism known in the Quichua language.

A village of Palestine.

In the text of St. John's Gospel, i, 28, the author locates the event of Our Lord's baptism by St. John the Baptist at Bethany across the Jordan and there is herein a celebrated variant.

A city of the Amorrhites in the valley-plain east of the Jordan.

Name of two cities in Palestine.

An ancient Cansanitish town.

Titular see of Palestine.

Birthplace of Jesus.

An architectural term used in the Ethiopic Church for the oven or bakehouse for baking the Korban or Eucharistic bread.

Military and hospitaller orders.

Details the city, pool, and titular see of this name.

A city within Issachar, but assigned to Manasses, later Scythopolis, now the village Beisan.

The city whose deliverance by Judith, when besieged by Holofernes, forms the subject of the Book of Judith.

In the Catholic Church, a deliberate and free, mutual, true promise, externally expressed, of future marriage between determinate and fit persons.

Prefecture Apostolic in northern India.

Defined as the backing of an affirmation or forecast by offering to forfeit, in case of an adverse issue, a sum of money or article of value to one who, by accepting, maintains the opposite and backs his opinion by a corresponding stipulation.

French historian and statesman. (1797-1865)

Welsh abbot. (d. 660)

A collegiate church at Beverley, capital of the East Riding of Yorkshire, served by a chapter of secular canons until the Reformation.

Belgian theologian and ecclesiastical writer. (1578-1627)

Greek, New Testament manuscript.

Friar Minor and theologian. (1686-1768)

A student of the natural sciences, and historian. (1662-1729)

Italian Oratorian, Biblical, historical, and liturgical scholar. (1704-1764)

Merchant and philanthropist. (1785-1875)

Jesuit missionary, born at Grenoble, France, 1576; died at Avignon, 17 November, 1622.

Bernardo Dovizi, an Italian Cardinal and comedy-writer, known best by the name of the town Bibbiena, where he was born 4 Aug., 1470; d. at Rome, 9 Nov., 1520.

The earliest mention in an authentic historical authority of St. Bibiana (Vibiana), a Roman female martyr, occurs in the "Liber Pontificalis".

Established for the purpose of publishing and propagating the Bible in all parts of the world.

Authority of Holy Writ is twofold on account of its twofold authorship. The various books which make up the Bible are authentic because of their respective authors. They also possess a higher authenticity because they're the inspired word of God.

The Coptic language is now recognized in four principal dialects, Bohairic (formerly Memphitic), Fayumic, Sahidic (formerly Theban), and Akhmimic.

Includes Hebrew and Greek editions.

Covered in four sections, I. Belief in Inspired books; II. Nature of Inspiration; III. Extent of Inspiration; IV. Protestant Views on the Inspiration of the Bible.

Manuscripts are written, as opposed to printed, copies of the original text or of a version either of the whole Bible or of a part thereof.

A collection of writings recognized as inspired.

Includes information on versions in several languages.

In the Middle Ages the Church made use of pictures as a means of instruction, to supplement the knowledge acquired by reading or oral teaching.

Versions of the Bible almost entirely collections of the psalms.

A collection of pictures representing scenes from Jesus' life with the corresponding prophetic types.

Includes (1) what is meant by biblical accommodation; (2) its use in Sacred Scripture; (3) the rules which ought to regulate its use.

Details domestic, political, and sacred antiquities.

A committee of cardinals at Rome who, with the assistance of consultors, have to secure the observance of the prescriptions contained in the Encyclical "Providentissimus Deus" for the proper interpretation and defence of Sacred Scripture.

Designates the part of Scriptural science which is concerned with topics preliminary to the detailed study and correct exposition of Holy Writ, and also, it is given to a work in which these various topics are actually treated.

Orientalist. (1838-1906)

A Yorkshire layman and martyr d. 1585.

Archbishop of Dublin, date of birth unknown; d. 1349.

Poet and theologian. (1578-1639)

Called "the last of the Scholastics", b. at Speyer, Germany, c. 1425; d. at Tübingen, 1495.

The city of Biella, the see of the diocese of that name, is an important industrial centre (anciently called Bugelia) of Piedmont, Italy, in the province of Novara.

Polish chronicler. (1495-1575)

French Governor of Louisiana and founder of New Orleans. (1680-1767)

Canonically viewed, bigamy denotes (a) the condition of a man married to two real or interpretative wives in succession, and as a consequence (b) his unfitness to receive, or exercise after reception, tonsure, minor and sacred orders.

In civil jurisprudence, and especially in criminal law, is a "formal entering into of a marriage while a former one remains un-dissolved".

French theologian and patrologist, b. about 1546 at Bernières-le-Patry, Normandy; d. about 1595.

German theologian, opponent of the Reformation, born 1499 or 1500 at Cologne; died there 12 January, 1557.

French patristic scholar, theologian, jurist, linguist, and a Benedictine abbot. (1535-1581)

Latin bis, twice, and locatio, place.

The offering up of the Holy Sacrifice of the Mass twice on the same day by the same celebrant.

Canonist, historian, and theologian. (1697-1766)

Jesuit author, born at Dijon, France, 1569; died at Paris, 1639.

French mathematician and astronomer. (1786-1856)

Historian and critic. (1573-1641)

A theologian of repute and for fifty years parish priest of Bilk. (1779-1855)

According to their Greek derivation these two terms refer to the origin of life.

The science on life and living organisms.

Italian archæologist and historian. (1388-1463)

Physicist and mathematician. (1774-1862)

The dove, eagle, pelican, phoenix, and peacock are included.

A square cap with three ridges or peaks on its upper surface, worn by clerics of all grades from cardinals downwards.

Polish preacher, b. at Lemberg, 1566; d. at Cracow, 1636.

One of the thirteen dioceses erected by the Apostolic Letter of Pius IX, 27 September, 1850, which restored a hierarchy to the Catholic church in England.

Carthusian monk, b. in 1403; d. 19 February, 1473.

Illegitimacy, a canonical impediment to ordination.

A titular see of Osrhaene.

Situated in Sardinia, in the province of Sassari, district of Nuoro, and suffragan to the Archdiocese of Sassari.

The title of an ecclesiastical dignitary who possesses the fullness of the priesthood to rule a diocese as its chief pastor, in due submission to the primacy of the pope.

A bishop deputed to a diocesan who, capable of governing and administering his diocese, is unable to perform the pontifical functions; or whose diocese is so extensive that it requires the labors of more than one; or whose episcopal see has attached to it a royal or imperial office requiring protracted presence at court.

The first superior in England in episcopal orders since the old hierarchy died out in the reign of Elizabeth, born c. 1553 at Brailes in Warwickshire, where his family continued to reside until recent times; d. 16 April, 1624.

In North Dakota, this diocese was erected on 31 December, 1909, and is suffragan to the Archdiocese of St. Paul, Minnesota.

A tomb large enough to contain two bodies.

This form of fasting, the most rigorous in the history of church legislation, was marked by austerity regarding the quantity and quality of food permitted on fasting days as well as the time wherein such food might be legitimately taken.

An English Catholic who suffered imprisonment in the closing years of the seventeenth, and during the earlier half of the eighteenth, centuries; died in 1748.

An important tribe of the Northern Plains, constituting the westernmost extension of the great Algonquian stock.

Author, b. at Dunfermline, Scotland, 1539; d. 1613.

Bishop and martyr.

Fifth Bishop, and first Archbishop, of New Orleans, La., U.S.A. (1792-1860)

French Jesuit and educator. (1731-1797)

Brother of François Norbert Blanchet, first Bishop of Walla Walla-Nesqually, State of Washington, U.S.A. (1797-1887)

Missionary and first Archbishop of Oregon City, U.S.A. (1795-1883)

Belongs to the band of martyrs of Lyons who, after some of their number had endured the most frightful tortures, suffered a glorious martyrdom in the reign of Marcus Aurelius.

Bishop and Confessor in Scotland. (d. 590)

Signifies etymologically gross irreverence towards any person or thing worthy of exalted esteem.

A monk of the Order of St. Basil, living in the fourteenth century, who applied himself to the study of theology and canon law.

Irish monk, b. in Ireland about 750. He suffered martyrdom in Iona, about 835.

A learned monk and writer of the Green Church, b. about 1198, at Constantinople; d. 1272.

Details of four people with this name.

A manner of honouring the Holy Eucharist, by exposing it, with proper solemnity, to the view of the faithful in order that they may pay their devotions before it.

The practice of preserving after the celebration of the Liturgy a portion of the consecrated elements for the Communion of the sick or for other pious purposes.

Founded in 1889 by Katharine Drexel.

The conception is that in the tabernacle Jesus Christ, as it were, holds his court, and is prepared to grant audience to all who draw near to him.

Beatification is a permission for public worship restricted to certain places and to certain acts.

Aspects discussed are, I. Antiquity; II. Minister; III. Objects; IV. Efficacy; and V. Rite employed in administering.

The popes very often delegated to others the power to give this blessing in answer to petitions from princes, at the close of missions, and on such occasions.

Includes statistics and history.

Coextensive with the civil department of Loir-et-Cher and a suffragan of Paris.

Carthusian, b. at Leyden, in Holland in 1466; d. 30 September, 1536.

A group of North American aborigines forming part of the Blackfeet Tribe, which, with the Apapahoes and Cheyennes, constitute the Western division of the Algonquin family.

A Benedictine abbot and spiritual writer, born at Donstienne, near Liège, Flanders, 1506; died at Liessies, 1566.

Son of King Gorm the Old of Denmark. (911-986)

Principal work, "De uno geminoque sacrae eucharistiae synaxeos salubriter percipiendae ritu ac usu" was published (Ingolstadt, 1585) when he was provincial of Austria.

English Carmelite, reviser of the Douay Bible, born c. 1705; d. in London, 11 December 1772.

The last survivor of the seven first companions of Ignatius of Loyola. (1511-1590)

Suffragan to the Archiepiscopal See of Genoa.

Martyr. (1590-1657)

Italian painter, b. at Cremona, 1460, and d. probably in 1525 rather than in 1518, the date usually given.

Italian novelist, b. in Paris, 1313; d. in Certaldo, 21 December, 1375.

English Benedictine, b. of East Anglian parentage, end of fifteenth century; d. 20 April, 1534.

Martyr, b. at Wells, Somerset: 1549; d. at Andover, Wilts., 2 November, 1583.

Born at Angers, 1520, probably of Jewish origin: died at Laon, 1596.

A titular see of Albania.

Chronicler and one of the founders of the University of Aberdeen, b. at Dundee c. 1465; d. 1536.

A German Benedictine, canonist, and Vice-Chancellor of the University of Salzburg. (1690-1752)

In Denmark, included the ancient districts of Vendsyssel and Thy.

A french benedictine canonist and bishop, b. during the first quarter of the fourteenth century at Laredorte.

Roman statesman and philosopher, regarded by tradition as a Christian martyr, born at Rome in 480; died at Pavia in 524 or 525.

Capital of the republic of Colombia.

Crown province of the Austro-Hungarian Monarchy, which until 1526 was an independent kingdom.

"Bohemian Brethren" and "Moravian Brethren" are the current popular designation of the Unitas Fratrum founded in Bohemia in 1457, renewed by Count Zinzendorf in 1722.

Religious dissensions at the beginning of the seventeenth century induced many to leave their native country and cross the ocean.

Diocese in the province of Benevento, Italy, suffragan to the Archbishopric of Benevento.

An Italian poet, b. about 1434, at, or near, Scandiano (Reggio-Emilia); d. at Reggio, 20 December, 1494.

French poet. (1636-1711)

Diocese lies within the Dutch province of Brabant, and is suffragan to Utrecht.

Diocese created by Leo XIII, 25 August, 1893.

French prelate and cardinal. (1732-1804)

Superior of Melrose Abbey, d. 664.

English Augustinian friar and poet, b. 1393, d. probably in 1447.

A German novelist, son of a rich merchant, b. 9 August, 1828, at Niedergeilbach, a village of the Palatinate.

Theologian and controversialist. (1733-1811)

Includes history, geography, education, church, and government information.

An association of ecclesiastical scholars engaged in editing the Acta Sanctorum.

Orientalist, born near Düren in Rhenish Prusia 23 August, 1821; died at Rome in 1895.

The principal city in the province of the same name, Italy.

Flemish Renaissance sculptor, b. at Douai, in Flanders, about 1524; d. at Florence in 1608.

A tradition of the thirteenth century attributed the foundation of this university to Theodosius II (433); but this legend is now generally rejected.

A theologian and physician, b. probably at Paris, date unknown; d. at Lyons c. 1584.

Historian, antiquary, and poet, born c. 1575; died c. 1633.

Austrian mathematician and philosopher, b. at Prague, 5 October, 1781; d. 18 December, 1848.

The Archdiocese of Bombay comprises the Island of Bombay with several outlying churches in the neighbouring Island of Salsette.

Bishop of Liège, born at Leyden, in Holland on 5 April, 1790; died 7 April 1852.

Congregations of nursing sisters whose object is to take care of both rich and poor patients in their own homes.

Founded 1648, in the Church of the Gesu, by Father Vincent Carrafa, seventh General of the Society of Jesus, and approved by the Sovereign Pontiffs Innocent X and Alexander VII.

Cardinal and author. (1609-1674)

Friar Minor, theologian, and canonist, date of birth unknown; d. at Munich, 1343.

Bishop of Clermont, b. 1734 at the castle of Bonal, near Agen; d. at Munich, 1800.

French theologian and founder of the Congregation of the Priests of St. Mary.

French statesman, writer, and philosopher. (1754-1840)

Cardinal, b. at Millau, in Rouergue, 30 October, 1787, d. at Lyons, 25 Feb., 1870.

Prince of Canino and Musignano, and ornithologist. (1803-1857)

At Quaracchi, near Florence, Italy, famous as the centre of literary activity in the Order of Friars Minor, was founded 14 July, 1879.

Doctor of the Church, Cardinal-Bishop of Albano, Minister General of the Friars Minor. (1221-1274)

Italian mathematician. (1821-1894)

Spanish priest and one of the first to give attention to the education of the deaf and dumb, b. towards the end of the sixteenth century.

Friar Minor, theologian, and missionary, date of birth uncertain; d. 1360.

Biblical scholar, born at Dinant, Belgium, 12 April, 1573; died at Tournai, 9 May, 1642.

This name was popularly given to at least three religious orders in the Church.

The object of the association is to maintain what the Catholic church possesses in those regions where Catholics are few in number, to found and support missions and schools, and to erect churches, parish-houses, and schools for Catholics in the Protestant parts of Germany.

Reigned 418-422.

Elected 17 September, 530; died October, 532.

Roman elected to succeed Sabinian after an interregnum of nearly a year; he was consecrated 19 February, 607; d. 12 November of the same year.

Son of John, a physician, a Marsian from the province and town of Valeria; he succeeded Boniface III after a vacancy of over nine months.

Elected at Rome, 2 November, 1389, as successor of the Roman Pope, Urban VI; d. there, 1 October, 1404.

Forty-sixth Archbishop of Canterbury and son of Thomas, Count of Savoy, date of birth uncertain; d. in Savoy, 14 July, 1270.

A Neapolitan who succeeded Deusdedit after a vacancy of more than a year; consecrated 23 December, 619.

A Roman, elected in 896 by the Roman faction in a popular tumult, to succeed Formosus.

Roman and son of Ferrucius; was intruded into the Chair of St. Peter in 974; reinstalled 984; died July, 985.

Born at Anagni about 1235; died at Rome, 11 October, 1303.

Apostle of Germany, date of birth unknown; martyred 5 June, 755 (754); emblems: the oak, axe, book, fox, scourge, fountain, raven, sword.

Bishop of Sutri in Central Italy, in the eleventh century.

An academy founded at Bonn in 1777 by Max Friedrich, Prince-Archbishop of Cologne.

French martyr. (1824-1852)

Situated near Binche, province of Hainault, Diocese of Tournai, Belgium.

Cardinal and senator, b. at Paris, 1800; d. 1883.

Bishop of London, b. about 1500; d. 1569.

French writer, b. at Entrevaux 9 May, 1798, d. at Paris, 26 March, 1879.

Bishop of Sardica, a heretic in the latter part of the fourth century.

Italian painter of the sixteenth century, born at Brescia about 1498; died at the same place, 1555.

Includes history and contents.

An Irish manuscript containing the Four Gospels, a fragment of Hebrew names, and the Eusebian canons, known also as the "Book of Columba".

John Foxe was born at Boston in Lincolnshire, England, in 1516, and was educated at Magdalen School and College, Oxford.

The exact list or catalogue of books, the reading of which was once forbidden to Catholics by the highest ecclesiastical authority.

Archdiocese; comprises the entire department of the Gironde and was established conformably to the Concordat of 1802.

Founded during the English domination, under King Henry VI, in 1441.

Painter of the Venetian school. (1500-1570)

French Orientalist. (1809-1878)

Third Bishop of Detroit, Michigan. (1824-1890)

Italian cardinal, theologian, antiquarian, and historian. (1731-1804)

Diocese in the province of Parma, Italy.

Diocese situated in the province of Arezzo, Tuscany, Italy.

Italian painter and architect, b. Milan, c. 1455, d. at Milan, 1523.

Bishop-elect of Acanthus, Vicar Apostolic of Western Tongking and Martyr; b. 20 February, 1808; beheaded 24 November, 1838.

Includes history of Dutch and British rule.

Spanish painter, born at Cocentaina, 1530; died at Gandia, 1610.

An Italian missionary, born on the first half of the seventeenth century, at or near Milan; died in 1683.

Cardinal and Archbishop of Milan, cousin and successor of St. Charles Borromeo. (1564-1631)

Archbishop of Milan, Cardinal-Priest of the Title of St. Prassede, Papal Secretary of State under Pius IV, and one of the chief factors in the Catholic Counter-Reformation.

A German Catholic association for the encouragement and diffusion of edifying, instructive, and entertaining literature.

Architect and sculptor; born 25 September, 1599, at Bissone; died by his own hand 1 August, 1667, at Rome.

Missionary, mathematician, and astronomer. (1583-1632)

In the province of Cagliari.

Bollandist, born at Brussels, 19 October, 1686; died 14 November, 1736.

Founder of the Salesian Society. (1815-1888)

Dalmatian Jesuit and mathematician, astronomer, and physicist. (1711-1787)

Known as "The Columbus of the Catacombs", b. in the island of Malta about the year 1576; d. 1629.

Together, form the north-western corner of the Balkan Peninsula.

First Bishop of Merseburg, in the present Prussian Province of Saxony, and Apostle of the Wends, d. November, 970.

Third English Cardinal, date of birth uncertain, d. at Rome, about 1181.

French theologian and Doctor of the Sorbonne, born at Paris 1546; died at Rome 1626.

French bishop and orator. (1627-1704)

Priest and martyr, b. in Westmoreland, about 1544; d. at Durham, 24 July, 1594.

Archdiocese; comprises Essex, Middlesex, Suffolk, Norfolk, and Plymouth counties in the State of Massachusetts, U.S.A.

Titular see of Syria.

A titular see situated in Phoenicia.

Florentine painter. (1447-1510)

Abbot (d. 680) after whom Boston was named.

Native of Milan who went to Mexico in 1736 by permission of the Spanish government and remained there eight years, familiarizing himself with the Nahuatl or Mexican language.

Born at Lagny, a village near Mortagne in the Perche, France, 1622, died at Boucherville, 1717.

Bishop of Laval in France. (1823-1888)

French Jesuit. (1690-1743)

French Jesuit author. (1632-1702)

Benedictine monk of the Congregation of St. Maur. (1669-1726)

French prelate and diplomat. (1643-1715)

French canonists. (1808-1870)

One of the first French historians to write the history of the institutions or fundamental laws of the nation. (1658-1722)

French monk and preacher, b. at Paris in 1578; d. 27 September, 1657.

French historian, b. in the beginning of the seventeenth century at Saint-Ellier; d. 16 October, 1678.

French bishop, b. at Avignon, 26 December 1747; d. at Troyes, 13 March, 1825.

Benedictine of the Congregation of St.-Maur. (1685-1754)

Belgian theologian and professor of moral theology in the Catholic University of America. (1840-1902)

Archæologist and historian. (1813-1872)

Cardinal, born 1406; died 1486.

French Jesuit preacher. (1632-1704)

Archbishop of Tours and Cardinal, b., probably, towards 1323; d. 5 July, 1484.

First engineer-in-chief and land-surveyor in the colony of New France, and the first attorney-general of the Conseil Superieur. (1612-1668)

French missionary and philosopher. (1806-1866)

Coextensive with the departments of Cher and Indre.

First Bishop of Montreal and titular Archbishop of Martianopolis. (1799-1885)

Third Superior general of the Congregation of the Oratory in France and one of the en early companions of Cardinal de BÈrulle, the founder of the French Oratorians. (1585-1662)

Irish scholar and writer. (1829-1887)

Last Catholic Bishop of Bath and Wells, England, son of Philip Bourne of Worcestershire, date of birth unknown; d. 10 Sept., 1569.

French pulpit orator, b. at Bourg in 1750; d. in 1830.

Jesuit missionary. (d. 1732)

Bishop of Le Mans, theologian. (1783-1854)

Situated in the civil province of Reggio,in Calabria, Italy, suffragan to the Archdiocese of Reggio.

Diocese in the province of Foggia, Italy, suffragan to the Archdiocese of Benevento.

Baronet, English writer on jurisprudence, as well as a prominent defender of the Holy See and of Catholic interests in general. (1811-1883)

The custom of electing a boy-bishop on the feast of St. Nicholas dates from very early times, and was in vogue in most Catholic countries, but chiefly in England.

Novelist, lecturer, and priest, well known under the assumed name of "Paul Peppergrass". (1810-1864)

The name was first aplied to a practice which had its origin in Ireland during the most stirring days of the land agitation.

Irish Cistercian house.

Poet, journalist, politician. (1843-1898)

English juridical writer, born probably in King John's reign and died about four years before the close of that of Henry III.

First Bishop of Manchester, New Hampshire, U.S.A. (1846-1903)

An English Carmelite friar known in religion as Elias à Jesu; b. in Lancashire, England, early in the seventeenth century; d. at Benfold, 25 September, 1652.

English Benedictine and poet, b. in the City of Chester, England, date unknown; d. 1513.

Ecclesiastical writer, b. in Dublin, 8 January, 1825; d. in Rome, 19 March, 1894.

Situated between the rivers Este and Cavado, in the province of Minho, in the Kingdom of Portugal.

Offers details of several councils held here.

Situated in the northeastern part of the Kingdom of Portugal, in the civil province of Tras-os-Montes.

Religion and social system which grew out of the polytheistic nature-worship of the ancient Aryan conquerors of northern India.

French educator and inventorof the system of writing in raised or relief points for the blind. (1809-1852)

French Oratorian and ecclesiastical writer, born at Chars-en-Vexin, France, c. 1600; died at Paris, 11 May 1672.

Italian architect and painter, b. about 1444 at Monte Asdrualdo; d. in Rome, 11 March, 1514.

An ancient and illustrious Neapolitan family, from which the "Brancas" of France were descended.

Cardinal, Minor conventual, and theologian. (1612-1693)

Jesuit missionary to China. (1607-1671)

One of the medieval English names for Palm Sunday.

Formerly an electoral principality, and a diocese in the heart of the present Kingdom of Prussia.

Nineteenth century French physicist.

German humanist and poet, born at Stasburg in 1457 or 1458; died at the same place, 1521.

French writer of memoirs, b. in 1539, or a little later; d. 15 July, 1614.

Earliest existing dated examples are of the thirteenth century.

Born at Bourbourg, France, 1814; died at Nice in January, 1874.

German humanist, born probably at Cannstatt, 1500; died at Vienna, 25 November, 1539.

Younger brother of Johann Alexander, went to Vienna with his brother in 1524 and likewise won distinction both as a philologist and jurist.

Bishop of Saragossa, date of birth unknown, d. at Saragossa c. 651.

Bavarian historian. (1756-1829)

A duchy situated in the mountainous central part of Northern Germany, comprising the region of the Harz mountains.

As far as known, author of the first book on medicine printed in America.

Information includes history, religion, climate, education, and economy.

In the Christian liturgy bread is used principally as one of the elements of the Eucharistic sacrifice.

Made of wood, tin, britannia, silver, or other metal. A round flat weight, covered if necessary with silk or linen, and having a knob on top, so as to be easily taken hold of, is placed on the breads.

Bread is one of the two elements absolutely necessary for the sacrifice of the Eucharist.

A liturgical act prescribed in the Holy Sacrifice of the Mass.

Jesuit missionary. (1593-1649)

Diocese situated in the Dutch province of Brabant and suffragan of Utrecht.

French Dominican theologian of the convent of Evreux; died c. 1479.

Term for Irish native law, as administered in Ireland down to almost the middle of the seventeenth century.

Formerly the seat of an archdiocese situated in the north-western part of the present German Empire.

Fifth-century Irish missionary.

Irish Church historian. (1780-1847)

St. Brendan of Ardfert and Clonfert, known also as Brendan the Voyager, was born in Ciarraighe Luachra, near the present city of Tralee, County Kerry, Ireland, in 484; he died at Enachduin, now Annaghdown, in 577.

German poet. (1778-1842)

The Diocese takes its name from the principal city in the province of the same name in Lombardy, between the Mella and the Naviglio.

Prince-Bishopric seated at Breslau, on the River Oder in the Prussian Province of Silesia.

Italian missionary to the Indians. (1612-1672)

A city in Lithuania, famous in the history of the Catholic Church and the Orthodox Church of Russia for the union of the Ruthenians with Catholicism.

A group of persons closely connected with the Saviour appears repeatedly in the New Testament under the designation "his brethren" or "the brethren of the Lord".

French missionary among the Caribbean Indians. (1609-1679)

A layman and martyr.

Covered as; I. Definition; II. Contents; III. The hours; IV. Component parts of the office; V. History of the breviary; VI. Reforms.

Described as the Sarum Office in a Scottish form.

By the Apostolic Constitution "Divino Afflatu" of Pius X (1 November, 1911), a change was made in the psalter of the Roman Breviary.

German historian, born at Puffendorf in Germany, 6 September, 1640; died at the same place about 1713.

Seventh Bishop of Quebec, b. in 1715 at Plérin, Brittany; d. 25 June, 1794.

English Jesuit and martyr. (1556-1581)

The payment or the promise of money or other lucrative consideration to induce another, while under the obligation of acting without any view to private emolument, to act as the briber shall prescribe.

Includes three people with this name.

Preacher, b. at Chusclan, France, 21 March, 1701; d. at Roquemaure, 22 December, 1767.

During the twelfth and thirteenth centuries, various religious associations were founded for the purpose of building bridges.

The most celebrated saint of the Northern kingdoms, born about 1303; died 23 July, 1373.

Priest and author. (1829-1899)

These publications derive their origin and their title from the Rev. Francis Henry Egerton, eighth and last Earl of Bridgewater.

Known also as Aquapontanus, historian of the Catholic confessors under Queen Elizabeth, born in Yorkshire about 1532; died probably at Trier, about 1596.

A bulla was originally a circular plate or boss of metal, so called from its resemblance in form to a bubble floating upon water.

A Celtic saint of Brittany who received his education in Ireland and then studied under St. Germanus said to be the famous St. Germanus of Auxerre.

Irish nun. (451-525)

Established by Most Rev. Dr. Delaney, Bishop of Kildare and Leighlin, at Tullow, Co. Carlow, Ireland, in 1807.

Founded in 1346 by St. Brigit, or Bridget, of Sweden at Vadstena in the Diocese of Linköping.

Member of the Society of Jesus. Born at St. Malo in 1629; died at Paris, 12 June, 1712.

Flemish painter and engraver, born at Antwerp, 1556; died in Rome, 7 October, 1626.

Born at Cologne in 1542, died at Mainz, 25 August, 1595.

Martyr and parish priest of Our Lady's Church at Calais, accused of being concerned in a plot to betray Calais to the French.

Called by the Romans Brundusium or Brundisium, by the Greeks Brentesion, a city of in the province of Lecce, in Apulia, on a rocky peninsula which extends into the Adriatic.

Confessor of the Faith, imprisoned and tortured as manager of a secret press for the publication of devotional and controversial works in the reign of Queen Elizabeth.

Orator and ecclesiastical writer, b. at Bourges in 1641, d. at Paris, 23 March, 1736.

Controversialist, b. at Blois, France, 9 June, 1592; entered the Society of Jesus in 1619, d. at Blois, 10 September, 1668.

Provides history and religious statistics.

Church historian, born at Horb in Würtemberg in 1819, studied theology at the University of Tubingen, was appointed parish priest of Buhl near Rottenburg in 1853, where he died in 1897.

This English diocese, which takes its very origin from measures directed against the Church, has a very brief Catholic history, for it only had one bishop acknowledged by the Holy See.

Born at Worcester, 1538, died at Harrow-on the-Hill, 1581.

The westernmost province of the Dominion of Canada.

An orientalist, and a monk of Rennes in Brittany; date of birth and death unknown.

Born near Chester, England, 1744; died at Hartpury Court, 1827.

Martyr; born in Lisbon, 1 March, 1647, and was brought up in court; martyred in India 11 February, 1693.

Includes history and statistics.

Flourished in the sixth or seventh century. Several persons in repute for holiness seem to have borne this name, which is variously written Brogan, Broccan, Bracan, Bearchan, and Bearchanus.

Abbé, professor of apologetics at the Institut Catholique at Paris, and writer on apologetic subjects. (1834-1895)

French statesman and historian. (1821-1901)

Born in Paris, 5 September, 1766; d. there, 20 June, 1821.

French Cardinal. (1342-1426)

Theologian, d. about 1390.

First Bishop of Helena, Montana, U.S.A. (1842-1903)

Friar Minor and English martyr, died 19 July 1537.

Last Catholic Bishop of Gloucester, England. (1512-1560)

Comprises the counties of Kings, Queens, Nassau, and Suffolk, or all of Long Island, in the State of New York, U.S.A.

A Jesuit missionary, born 1724 at Magnac, Angoumois, France; died 1782.

The founder of this religious institution, was born 8 March, 1495, at Montemor Novo, in Portugal.

Catholic priest and antiquary, claiming descent from the Broughtons of Lancashire.

Historian. (1559-1617)

A naval officer of the Republic of Argentina. (1777-1857)

Humorist, b. at Waterford, Oxford County, Maine, U.S.A., 26 April, 1834; d. in Southampton, England, 6 March, 1867.

Philosopher, essayist, reviewer, b. at Stockbridge, Vermont, U.S.A., 16 September, 1803; d. at Detroit, Michigan, 17 April, 1876.

Writer, daughter of Orestes A. Brownson, b. at Chelsea, Massachusetts, 7 June, 1839; married William J. Tenney, 26 November, 1873; died at Elizabeth, 30 October, 1876.

Vicariate Apostolic, erected 1874.

Ecclesiastical historian and bishop, born at Bingen, 25 October, 1831; died 4 November, 1903.

A theologian and historian, born early in the seventeenth century at Vorst, a village of the province of Brabant, Belgium, died 29 June, 1653.

French theologian and dramatic author, born at Aix in 1640; died 25 November, 1723, at Montpellier.

Professor of apologetics and church history, born at Orléans. (1823-1888)

The chief town of the Province of West Flanders in the Kingdom of Belgium.

A French priest, Jansenist, and juror. (1730-1803)

A renowned Franciscan preacher of the fifteenth century.

An Italian-American historical painter, celebrated for his fresco work in the Capitol at Washington. (1805-1880)

French Jesuit humanist. (1704-1742)

An architect and sculptor, born at Florence, 1377; died there 16 April, 1446.

French critic and professor, born at Toulon, 19 July, 1849; died at Paris, 9 December, 1906.

Friar Minor and chronicler, born c. 1262; died c. 1348.

An eminent Italian humanist. (1369-1444)

Suffragan diocese of the Archdiocese of Olmutz, embracing the south-western part of Moravia.

Founder of the Swiss-American congregation of the Benedictines. (1795-1859)

A versatile and voluminous writer. (1814-1893)

Second Apostle of the Prussians and martyr, born about 970; died 14 February, 1009.

German chronicler of the eleventh century and author of the "Historia de Bello Saxonico".

Italian philosopher. (1548-1600)

Founder of the Carthusian Order. (1030-1101)

Bishop of Segni. (1048-1123)

Archbishop of Prague. (1518-1580)

A titular see of Bithynia in Asia Minor.

Capital of the Kingdom of Belgium.

First Bishop of Vincennes, Indiana, (now Indianapolis). (1779-1839)

French missionary to the Iroquois. (1635-1712)

Physician, poet, author, and editor. (1811-1877)

A titular see of Lower Egypt.

Benedictine historical writer. (1599-1681)

One of the leaders in the South German Reformation movement. (1491-1551)

Comprises the Kingdom of Rumania.

Bollandist. (1817-1876)

Foundation date unknown, but long before the Norman Conquest.

Irish soldier, lawyer, statesman, and judge. (1841-1896)

Alias John Jones; alias John Griffith; in religion, Godfrey Maurice. Priest and martyr, born at Clynog Fawr, Carnarvonshire, Wales, England, 12 July 1598.

The religious, monastic system, founded c. 500 B.C. on the basis of pantheistic Brahminism.

French Hellenist. (1467-1540)

A diocese situated in Southern Bohemia, suffragan to the Archdiocese of Prague.

The federal capital of the Argentine Republic.

Diocese established 23 April, 1847 in the state of New York.

Philosopher and author. (1661-1737)

Jesuit missionary to China. (1606-1682)

Spanish Franciscan.

This term comprehends all constructions erected for the celebration of liturgical acts, whatever be the name given to them, church, chapel, oratory, and basilica.

A European kingdom in the northeastern part of the Balkan Peninsula.

Includes details of three kinds of bull-fights: (1) caballerescas, (2) populares, and (3) gladiatorias.

A fundamental law of the Holy Roman Empire; probably the best known of all the many ordinances of the imperial diet.

Friar Minor and English martyr. (1604-1642)

A term commonly applied to a collection of bulls and other analogous papal documents.

Born in Paris, at commencement of the seventeenth century. An unknown benefactress of several charities.

A soldier, diplomatist, and author, born 1610; died 1711.

Flemish theologian and controversialist. (1482-1557)

Italian sculptor, painter, and architect. (1475-1564)

Belonged to the family of the counts of Neuenburg, or Neuchatel, was born towards the middle of the eleventh century, and died 12 April, 1107.

Bishop of that see, born of noble parents in Hesse, Germany, after the middle of the tenth century; died 20 August, 1025.

First bishop of Würzurg, born in England of Anglo-Saxon parents, date unknown; died in Germany most probably in 754.

Painter of the Swabian school. (1473-1531)

Dominican historian and theologian. (1673-1747)

Historical and geographical writer. Born at Oaxaca about 1600; d. at Teopozotlan in 1681.

Since the tenth century an episcopal see of Spain, to which in the eleventh century the ancient Sees of Oca and Valpuesta were transferred.

In medieval times respectively a kingdom and a duchy, later a province of France.

The interment of a deceased person with ecclesiastical rites in consecrated ground.

French scholastic philosopher of the fourteenth century, b. at Béthune, in the district of Atois towards the end of the thirteenth century; date of death unknown.

Historian, b. at Reims, 1692; d. at Paris, 1785.

The name of two celebrated German jurists.

First Vicar Apostolic of Nova Scotia. (1753-1820)

Bishop of Ossory, b. at Dublin, Ireland, about 1709; d. at Kilkenny, 25 September, 1776.

Dominican orator. (1830-1882)

Friar Minor and medieval philosopher, b. in 1275 and d. in 1337.

Diocese established 14 July, 1853; comprises the whole State of Vermont, U.S.A.

Before its annexation by the British, Burma consisted of the kingdoms of Ava and Pegu.

First American Governor of California. (1807-1895)

Publisher and author. (1808-1871)

A receptacle in which, for reasons of convenience xnd reverence, the folded corporal is carried to and from the altar.

One of the most celebrated Benedictine monasteries in Germany in the Middle Ages. Founded in 1093 by Duke Henry of Nordheim and his wife Gertrude.

The first religious foundation there was established by Sigebert, King of the East Angles, who resigned his crown to found a monastery about 537.

A priest and founder of two religious congregations. (1544-1607)

Jesuit theologian. (1540-1587)

Jesuit moral theologian. (1600-1668)

A titular see taking its title from one of the many Egyptian cities of the same name.

Ceremonial stockings of silk, sometimes interwoven with gold threads, and even heavily embroidered, worn by the celebrant of a pontifical Mass.

Jurist, b. 23 March, 1803 at Zell in Baden; d. 31 January, 1878, at Freiburg im Breisgau.

Mexican statesman and historian. (1774-1848)

Jesuit missionary and author. (1549-1619)

Born at Mountstuart, Bute, 12 September, 1847; d. at Dumfries House, Ayrshire, 9 October, 1900.

French Jesuit missionary in Canada. (1600-1652)

Seventeenth-century English Catholic.

English lawyer. (1750-1832)

Irish Abbess. (1641-1723)

Irish general and writer. (1838-1910)

A pilaster, pier, or body of masonry projecting beyond the main face of the wall and intended to strengthen the wall at particular points.

English priest and martyr. (d. 1588)

Titular see of Phoenicia.

An altar that is subordinate to the central or high altar.

Titular see of Albania.

English composer. (1542-1623)

Bishop of Little Rock, Arkansas. (1802-1862)

U.S. Civil War hero. (1832-1864)

Missionary and educator. (1780-1833)

A mixed style, i.e. a style composed of Graeco-Roman and Oriental elements which, in earlier centuries, cannot be clearly separated.

The art of the Eastern Roman Empire and of its capital Byzantium, or Constantinople.

Term employed to designate the Eastern survival of the ancient Roman Empire.

The four cultural elements included are the Greek, the Christian, the Roman, and the Oriental.

The Liturgies, Divine Office, forms for the administration of sacraments and for various blessings, sacramentals, and exorcisms, of the Church of Constantinople.