Biography noting his patronage of music and his own compositional abilities from the Grove Concise Dictionary of Music entry at WQXR radio.

Brief biographical sketch from Encyclopedia Britannica with .gif image of royal portrait.

Biographical information noting the political and military struggles during his rule and commenting upon his cultural impact. From the Columbia Encyclopedia at Project Barltleby.

Plea for cooperation with the English monarch because of pressure from the Turks on one side and the French on the other.