Mali
A History of Ancient Mali, Civilizations in Africa: Mali, Kingdom of Mali, Mali to Mecca, Mali, Ancient Crossroads of Africa, Mud Mosques of Mali, Sundiata and Mansa Musa on the Web
Songhay
A Brief History of the Songhai Empire, Building Style: Songhay Empire, Kingdom of Songhay, Songhay, The Invasion of Morocco in 1591 and the Saadian Dy
African Empires
A timeline from 1st - 15th centuries AD/CE, from Central Oregon Community College.
Axum
Brief history of Axum and the Aksumites, located in the Ethiopian highlands near the Red Sea.
Christians in Ethiopia
The beginning of Christianity in the Kingdom of Aksum and its subsequent spread throughout Ethiopia.
Great Zimbabwe
Description of the lost civilization of Great Zimbabwe, east of the Kalahari Desert, between the Zambezi and Limpopo Rivers.
Great Zimbabwe
Information about the ruins of Great Zimbabwe, as well as rock painting dating back 30,000 years.
Ife
Discussion of early Yoruba city-state, with Ife trade routes, portrait heads, and false kings.
Songhay
Brief discussion of the Songhay people at Civilizations in Africa.
The Mwenemutapa (Great Zimbabwe)
Overview of one of the first of the centralized states in southeastern Africa and part of the Bantu-speaking culture.
The Swahili Kingdoms
Short discussion of Swahili civilizations at Civilizations in Africa.
The World of the Mande
History, art and ritual in the Mande culture, including discussions of caste and class, roles, and cosmogony.