Valley oasis in Algeria with approximately 120,000 inhabitants.

Universal ethical principle of ancient Egyptian religion, denoting 'justice', 'order', 'truth'.

City in Saudi Arabia with 870,000 inhabitants, situated in Hijaz, in western Saudi Arabia.

Name of north- western Africa, coming from Arabic word for "the land where the sun sets".

Egyptian writer, educated at King Fuad 1 University (now University of Cairo).

Jewish philosopher and physician.

Capital of Bahrain with 150,000 inhabitants, situated on the Persian Gulf, north on Bahrain Island.

The only surviving Gnostic religion, now with no more than 20,000 adherents.

Founder of religion, now called Manichaeism.

World religion founded by Mani.

Christian text, Gospel that has been included in the New Testament, as the second book.

Archaeological site in Northern Iran.

City in Morocco with 970,000 inhabitants, situated in the interior of middle Morocco.

Ancient fortress and national symbol for Israel.

Another word for the Middle East, coming from the Arabic word for "the land where the sun rises."

First king of Numidia.

Village in Tunisia with about 5,000 inhabitants.

Christian text, gospel included in the New Testament, arranged as the first book.

Independent republic, divided into 12 regions and the capital district.

Meaning 'birthday' is a celebration of a holy person in Islam.

City in Saudi Arabia with 1.4 million inhabitants. The most holy city in Islam.

Israeli politician, prime minister from 1969 to 1974, co-founder of the state of Israel.

City of Morocco with 680,000 inhabitants, situated in northern Morocco.

City of ancient Egypt, situated on the west bank of the Nile, 25 km south of today's Cairo.

City in Iran with 1.9 million inhabitants, at an elevation of 985 metres above sea level.

Algerian political and militant groups.

Geographical area without clear borders, with its centre in the eastern Mediterranean basin.

Mu'tazilite inquisition, which represents the final break between cohabitation of religion and state in Islam.

Niche in a mosque, indicating the qibla, the direction in which a Muslim shall perform his salat.

Tower near to, or built into, the structures of a mosque, used to call out the adhan.

Pulpit in a mosque, placed next to the mihrab.

Marriage institution in Islam, allowing for a lesser form of relationship between man and woman than normal marriage.

City in Morocco with 80,000 inhabitants, situated on the Atlantic Ocean.

House of prayer in Islam.

Mosque outside Casablanca, Morocco, in celebration of the 60th birthday of King Hassan 2 of Morocco.

City in Algeria with 120,000 inhabitants, situated in north-western Algeria.

Mountain in the Anti-Lebanon mountain range, shared between Syria and Lebanon.

Theological school inside Islam.

Egyptian president (1981- ) and military leader.

The person calling out for people to come to the mosque to perform salat.

The central messenger and prophet in Islam.

Fifth Imam of the Isma'ili and Twelver traditions of Shi'i Islam.

The 12th and last Imam of the Twelver Shi'i, also known as Muhammad al Muntazar.

The 9th Imam of the Twelver Shi'i.

Sultan of Morocco 1927-57, king 1957-61.

Sectarian group in Islam.

Seventh Imam of the Twelver Shi'i tradition.

Peninsula in Oman, separated from the rest of Oman with a distance of about 40 km.

Capital of Oman with 790,000 inhabitants.

Movement in Islam from mid-18th century, calling for a renewal of the Muslim spirit.