Arab traveller and author. (1304- ?)

Islamic historian and sociologist. (1332-1406)

King of Hijaz and Najd, and afterwards king of Saudi Arabia. Founded the kingdom of Saudi Arabia. (1879- 1953)

Arab philosopher and physician. (1100-1185)

Muslim reformer of Morocco. Was called Mahdi of the Almohads.

Central religious feast in Islam, also known as cîdu s-saghîr and in Turkey as kücük-bairam.

Central religious feast in Islam, lasting for a period of three days, celebrated on the 10. Dhu l-hijja.

1: State of sacredness in which a Muslim performs hajj and umra. 2: Garment worn by hajjiyys during hajj and umra.

Uprising in the Palestinian occupied territories from 1987 to 1993, in protest against the Israeli occupation and politics.

Independent Islamic republic, divided into 28 provinces. Heads of state: Leader of the Islamic Revolution (Wali Faqih) Ayatollah Ali Hoseini-Khamenei and President Mohammed Khatami.

War between Iran and Iraq, lasting from 1980 to 1988, caused by disagreements on the borderline between the two countries.

Independent republic, divided into 18 governorates. Under the control of a US-led force since April 2003.

City in Palestine with about 25,000 inhabitants, situated on the West Bank, in the Jordan Valley.

(Jesus) In Christianity, a central religious person, either seen as God in human body or as son of God born by a woman. In Islam and Baha'i, one of the central prophets, as well as miracle worker (always called Isa).

A religion with more than 1,400 million believers. It is dominant in East- and North Africa, Middle East, Central Asia and in Indonesia.

Group of ideologies in Islam that want to use the Sharia to its full extent.

Independent republic, but not recognized by a most countries in the Middle East. Divided into 6 districts.

Largest city in Turkey with 8,0 million inhabitants, situated on both sides of the Bosporus.

City in Turkey with 2.1 million inhabitants, situated in the west of Turkey.