Eleventh son of the founder of the Saudi kingdom, Ibn Saud. Proclaimed King at the year 1982.

Ruler of Saudi Arabia since 1964, until his death in 1975.

Philosopher that worked for the Hamdanid emirs. Also 1introduced Plato and Aristotle to the Muslim philosophy.

Ruler of Egypt from 1936, until he was overthrown in 1952. Died in Rome in 1965.

Exile Palestinian group that was founded in 1957 by Yassir Arafat. Their direct military confrontation was with Israel, and became globally known in the 1960s.

Opening chapter in the Koran, that expresses feelings about love, fidelity, births, marriages and burials.

Daughter of the messenger of Islam, Muhammad, and Khadija, and married to Ali, and mother of Hassan and Husayn. She is the ancestral mother of the Imams of the Shi'i Muslims.

Legal statement in Islam, issued by a mufti or a religious lawyer, on a specific issue.

City in Morocco, situated in the interior of northern region.

Saharan region in Libya, covering altogether 700,000 km². It is met by the coastal zone in the north, the desert in the east, the Tibesti massif of Chad to the south.

Lasted from 1947 to 1949, and the parties fought over the control over Palestine.

Political party, illegal since 1992. Central in the militant opposition to the regime of Algeria.

The only legal party of the country from 1962 to 1989.

Conservative group inside Christianity which seeks to preserve the core of the religion and its impact on society.