Recent research finds that Advance, Eclipse, and Accord, which are marketed as safer, may not be safer at all, and may even lead to increased addiction.

National Cancer Institute finds that low-tar, low-nicotine cigarettes are no safer than any other cigarettes, contrary to tobacco industry marketing messages of less risk.

Massachusetts Department of Public Health developed a testing method which better simulates smoking; nicotine deliveries are reported from these tests; there are no significant differences in the total nicotine content of regular, "light" or "ultra-light" cigarettes.

JAMA article provides scientific evaluation of claims R.J. Reynold is making about its new tobacco product.

ABC's court response contains much information on cigarette design and nicotine manipulation.

Chapter from The Cigarette Papers covers what has been learned from industry secret documents regarding what the industry knew about nicotine and when it knew it.

Ingredients added to tobacco in the manufacturing of cigarettes by the five major American cigarette manufacturing companies.

American Medical Association warns that ads for Omni cigarettes are making dangerously misleading claims, and that in fact there's no scientific data that show an Omni smokers is less likely to develop lung cancer.

Searchable database lists additives by brand or manufacturer.

ASH UK Paper on development of "free nicotine" product.

Scientific article finds that cigarette filters are a success for the industry and a tragedy for the customer, because the industry gets an cheap-to-make cigarette that beats the standard tar tests, reassures smokers with a lighter taste, and facilitates the taking of bigger, compensating puffs that cause more lethal cancer.

New study says Philip Morris knew, but didn't fix the problem.

Collection of FDA papers in PDF format, much of which concerns design and manufacture of cigarettes.

BBC News article on substances added to cigarettes by the industry to increase their addictiveness.

Article in scientific journal article explains what "fall-out" is, what Philip Morris knew about it and when they knew it, and what smokers didn't know.

Philip Morris knowingly marketed cigarettes with defective filters for 40 years, according to recent research.

BBC Report. More than 600 substances can be legally added to cigarettes, many of which act to increase the addictive impact of nicotine.

Article in scientific journal examines how R. J. Reynolds designed a cigarette to appeal to new customers.

Independent research finds that Eclipse exposes the smoker to more cancer-causing chemicals than regular cigarettes.

1973 R. J. Reynolds discovery of why Philip Morris's Marlboro was selling so well: it was being engineered with ammonia to increase the nicoctine kick.

FTC action highlights claims made by makers of "natural" or "no additives" cigarettes.

1997 RFC from the FTC. FTC tar and nicotine numbers are inaccurate, for reasons they outline. The smoker actually inhales substantially more tar and nicotine than the numbers state.

More than 55,000 Americans will develop cancer of the head and neck this year; nearly 13,000 of them will die from it. Tobacco is the most preventable cause of these deaths.

Case study of tobbaco industry internal marketing documents shows considerable concern with exploiting smokers' perceptions that low-tar product were safer, and no concern with actually making the product safer.

Millions of Americans smoke "low-tar," "mild," or "light" cigarettes, believing they're less hazardous. But scientific experts conclude that public health has not been served by changes in cigarette design and manufacturing over the last 50 years; this paper explains.

Science site explains how the tobacco industry controls nicotine levels and uses ammonia to engineer the product for addiction.

Research measurement finds that Eclipse exposes the user to significant quantities of nicotine and carbon monoxide, just like cigarettes.

Trial transcript of testimony from expert witness Dr. Channing Robertson covers R&D and engineering of the cigarette product.

Additives listed by brand for cigarettes made by Philip Morris, Imperial, and BAT in Australia.

CourtTV and AP reporting on testimony of former Philip Morris employee on the tobacco company's practice of ending research on safer cigarettes.

Prizewinning reporting reveals facts about cigarette design and nicotine.

Article in medical journal surveys industry documents produced in litigation, and finds the tobacco industry knew for decades that nicotine is an addictive drug, and knew ways to design cigarettes to make them more addictive.

New Scientist article reports the tobacco industry misled the public and legislators over fire-safe cigarettes, according to internal tobacco industry documents.

Basic information from the National Cancer Institute about the relationship to cancer rates, health risks for nonsmokers, harmful chemicals found in cigarettes, and amount of exposure.

Research measures a more highly addictive form of nicotine in cigarettes and finds that "the modern cigarette does to nicotine what crack does to cocaine".

Scientists have new data that toxic flavoring chemicals put in cigarettes are reaching smokers through cigarette smoke and may pose health hazards of their own.

Chronicles the tobacco industry's attempts to create a "safer" cigarette. Companion Web site to a NOVA (PBS) television show broadcast on October 2, 2001.

Speech by Cliff Douglas to the Roy Castle Lung Cancer Foundation, detailing the different ways cigarette product is engineered for addiction.

ASH-UK paper; a survey of 25 years of patents for innovations to reduce toxic and carcinogenic chemicals in tobacco smoke.

Chapter in the Tobacco Reference Guide.

Testing methods and toxic constituents of tobacco products.

Article from onocology newsletter summarizes methods of engineering cigarettes for addiction.

Reports on additives and ingredients, and the chemical onstituents in tobacco smoke.

Smokers could be forgiven for believing that low tar cigarettes deliver less tar to the smoker's lung. However, the actual tar exposure, and hence health risk, from smoking low tar brands may be the almost the same as for conventional cigarettes. ASH-UK report.