This study determined that smoking increased the risks of ophthalmopathy and decreased the effectiveness of treatment. Annals of Internal Medicine.

Incidence, causes, physical signs, symptoms, history, lab and imaging studies, medical and surgical treatments.

Graves? ophthalmopathy case study includes symptoms, test results and successful treatment.

This personal account features photographs taken before, during, and after surgery.

The Angeles Vision Clinic presents descriptions and photos that show how excessive levels of thyroid hormones and related antibodies attack the muscles of the eye. Includes treatment and illustrations.

The clinical features and treatment for this condition also known as thyroid eye disease (TED) or Graves' opthalmopathy (GO). From the Thyroid Foundation of Canada.

VisionChannel presents an article about the treatment of thyroid eye disease which occurs independently from Graves' disease.

Describes thyroid orbitopathy, including an explanation of how the eye muscles are affected, treatment and an FAQ.

Extensive information about the eye problems (ophthalmopathy) associated with both Graves' disease and autoimmune thyroiditis.

Information on the management of Graves' ophthalmopathy. From the University of Ottawa Eye Institute.

Information about orbital decompression, eye muscle and eyelid surgery, and prisms. By the American Society of Ophthalmic Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery.

Treatment of exophthalmos through naturopathy, supported by acupuncture, acupressure, and magnetic treatment, eye care and eyeball exercises.

Describes Thyroid Related Orbitopathy (TRO) which has been known to occur as much as 30 years after Graves' disease has been treated. Causes, incidence and the role of the eye specialist.

An FAQ that answers some of the most common questions regarding this disorder.

Explains exophthalmos, edema and dry eye associated with TED.