A consumer-oriented SD primer, focusing on the characteristics, diagnosis, and treatment of the condition. Published by the American Speech-Language-Hearing Association.

Illustrated primer on the most common SD treatment, presented by the Department of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery at the University of Washington School of Medicine. Covered topics include an injection procedure for adductor SD and possible complications of Botox therapy.

A Mayrland-based clinical study comparing the effects of dextromethorphan, lorazepam, and placebo in individuals with spasmodic dysphonia, muscular tension dysphonia, or vocal tremor. Background and participation details are offered by the National Library of Medicine's ClinicalTrials.gov site.

A primer on SD, presented by Dystonia Ireland -- a Dublin- based charity supporting patients and families affected by forms of dystonia.

Peer-reviewed article on the medical and surgical management of SD, co-authored by Darius Bliznikas, MD and Soly Baredes, MD.

Lani Estepa's personal story, accompanied by links to SD support organizations.

Introduction to the symptoms and treatment of spasmodic dysphonia, enhanced by Quicktime movies of vocal cords before and after Botox therapy for adductor SD.

Resources for patients and professionals, including multimedia demonstrations of SD, descriptions of available therapies, information on a financial-assistance program for patients who require Botox, and listings for dystonia specialists, support groups, and upcoming events.

Review of neurological conditions that may accompany Spasmodic Dysphonia, with background information on the differential diagnosis and treatment of SD. Authored by Lyn Dee Harrelson of New Mexico State University's Communication Disorders Program.

Fact sheets dedicated to SD and its treatment, accompanied by pointers to research reports and information concerning a related clinical trial that is being conducted at the Infirmary.

Answers to frequently asked SD questions, offered by the National Institute on Deafness and Other Communication Disorders (a division of the National Institutes of Health).

Abstracted version of a report from National Organization for Rare Disorders database. Features include a general description of SD, listings for support organizations, a link to information on the Botox assistance program administered by NORD, and an opportunity to purchase the full-text report.

Overview of medical and surgical SD therapies offered by the Philadelphia-based center.

Information concerning SD treatment and support-group meetings at the Parkinson's and Movement Disorders Institute of Orange County, California.

Fact sheet describing SD varieties, associated conditions (dystonia tremor and non-focal laryngeal dystonia), and surgical and pharmacological approaches to SD.

From the Baylor Grand Rounds Archive, a review of SD diagnosis and treatment, featuring historical perspectives and a case presentation.

Case report describing Dr. Nobuhiko Isshiki's Midline Type 2 Thyroplasty technique for SD.

Moderated forum for SD patients and their families. Provided by the Dystonia Medical Research Foundation.

Supportive resource, created and maintained by an individual who has had SD for more than 10 years. Personal perspectives on recovery are featured.

Offering a supportive e-mail list and directory of Web-based resources for individuals affected by SD.

Overview of current SD treatment options, including Botox injections and surgical procedures, with a description of ongoing research at the University of California, San Diego.

Information concerning the diagnosis and treatment of spasmodic dysphonia at the University of North Carolina's specialized clinic.

Report on a recently published Botox study, which focused on the long-term effects of the medication in individuals with adductor SD. Pointers to further information about SD and its treatment at the U-M Health System's Vocal Health Center are provided, in addition to study details.

Overview of an alternative therapy for adductor SD. Prepared by Calm Spirit Oriental Medicine.

Overview describing the two main forms of SD and a third, compensatory form, "chronically tight," which is recognized by the Nashville-based treatment center. Links to specific treatment information and details about the center are also provided.

Reprints from the newsletter of Wake Forest University's Center for Voice Disorders. The collection includes a report on the diagnostic approach to voice disorders, an overview of SD and its treatment, a tip sheet for Botox recipients, and a recommended-reading list.

California-based practice specializing in "Direct Voice Rehabilitation" as an alternative approach to SD.

Fact sheet on abductor and adductor SD, with links to audio clips, diagnostic information, reviews of medical and surgical approaches, and national listings for laryngologists. Presented by James P. Thomas, MD.

Five-page guide to SD, authored by specialists in the treatment of vocal disorders. Fundamental SD concepts are introduced and details concerning symptoms, diagnosis and treatment are provided.